The aim of this study was to determine if rumen protozoa could form large amounts of reserve carbohydrate compared to the amounts formed by bacteria when competing for glucose in batch cultures. We separated large protozoa and small bacteria from rumen fluid by filtration and centrifugation, recombined equal protein masses of each group into one mixture, and subsequently harvested (reseparated)...

We tested whether carbohydrate source (corn starch, sucrose, Polycose) influences the choice between a high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet in spontaneously feeding rats and in rats stimulated to eat by neuropeptide Y (NPY) administration or food deprivation. Rats were tested under three diet options: 1) a high-fat diet versus a high-corn starch diet; 2) a high-fat diet versus a high-sucrose die...

INTRODUCTION Low carbohydrate diets are again in the spotlight and have been identified as particularly appropriate for people with type 2 diabetes. There is confusion amongst both health professionals and people with diabetes about the suitability of these diets. This review aims to provide an overview of the latest evidence and to explore the role of low carbohydrate diets for people with typ...

BACKGROUND Low-carbohydrate weight-loss diets remain popular; however, the long-term effects of these diets are not known. OBJECTIVE The objective was to examine the association between low-carbohydrate-diet score and risk of type 2 diabetes DESIGN We prospectively examined the association between low-carbohydrate-diet score (based on percentage of energy as carbohydrate, fat, and protein) ...

BACKGROUND Low-carbohydrate diets have been used to manage obesity and its metabolic consequences. OBJECTIVE The objective was to study the effects of moderate carbohydrate restriction on atherogenic dyslipidemia before and after weight loss and in conjunction with a low or high dietary saturated fat intake. DESIGN After 1 wk of consuming a basal diet, 178 men with a mean body mass index (i...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether cognitive awareness of carbohydrate beverage consumption affects exercise-induced lymphocyte apoptosis, independent of actual carbohydrate intake. INTRODUCTION Carbohydrate supplementation during aerobic exercise generally protects against the immunosuppressive effects of exercise. It is not currently known whether carbohydr...

The conventional diet approach to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) advocates carbohydrate restriction, resulting in higher fat (HF), also a substrate for fetal fat accretion and associated with maternal insulin resistance. Consequently, there is no consensus about the ideal GDM diet. We hypothesized that, compared with a conventional, lower carbohydrate/HF diet (40% carbohydrate/45% fat/15% ...