BACKGROUND Oxygen supplementation through Hudson type face mask is frequently used in perioperative settings. Hudson mask is a variable rate performance device with the risk of rebreathing. Studies using capnography to find out an actual fraction of rebreathing in spontaneously breathing patients are not available. AIMS In this study, we analyzed the effects of different flow rates through Hu...

Waveform capnography was recommended as the most reliable method to confirm correct endotracheal tube or laryngeal mask airway placements. However, capnography may be unreliable during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and during low flow states. It may lead to an unnecessary removal of a well-placed endotracheal tube, re-intubation and interruption of chest compressions. Real-time upper airway (la...

Background A secure airway and effective ventilation are key components of advanced life support [1]. Unrecognized misplacement of endotracheal tube can lead to morbidity and mortality, with a reported incidence of approximately 2.9–16.7% in previous cardiac arrest studies [2–4]. Many traditional methods, including direct visualization of the vocal cords, observation of chest expansion, and che...

A previous report suggested that airway compromise without self-correction may occur in pediatric dental patients sedated with chloral hydrate (CH) and nitrous oxide (N2O) and may be interpreted as "deep" sedation. The purpose of this institutionally approved study was to determine 1) the association between the size of the tonsils and 2) the degree of expired carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen sa...

It is important to confirm proper placement of the endotracheal tube (ETT) as there is significant morbidity and mortality associated with inadvertent esophageal intubation [13]. Endotracheal intubation is a frequently performed procedure in an intensive care unit (ICU) and an intensivist has to be adept at performing intubation and confirming ETT position [4]. An ideal technique to confirm the...

BACKGROUND Apnea developing as a result of oversedation is a potential clinical problem in patients undergoing flexible bronchoscopy (FB) under sedation. However, there are no reports of evaluation using a standardized method of the frequency of occurrence of apnea episodes during FB under sedation. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of apnea episodes during FB under sedatio...

Spirometry is difficult for some COPD patient to perform. Volumetric capnography could be a second choice test to evaluate the severity of functional disturbances. The aim of this work is to test this hypothesis. A total number of 98 subjects were classified either as normal ex-smokers (N=14) or COPD patients. The latter were staged following GOLD recommendations. Spirometry and volumetric capn...