The problem of recovering ethylene and byproducts from the steam pyrolysis of light hydrocarbons is discussed. Opportunities for improved efficiency using distributed distillation, recycle coupling, heat pumping, and mixed refrigeration are presented. Emphasis is placed upon energy efficiency with potential savings in capital costs as applied to refrigerated processes.

The problem of separating the liquid components which have been recovered from natural gas is discussed. Opportunities for improved efficiency using distributed distillation, recycle coupling, heat pumping, and partial effect distillation are presented. Emphasis is placed upon energy efficiency with potential savings in capital costs as applied to heat driven processes.

In developing countries, the experiences of government-led development through heavy loans and grants from international donors have added to records of failure because of centralized system of plan formulation and its implementation through complex bureaucratic structure of government agencies. Realizing the inevitability of active participation of the local communities, the international dono...

one of the reasons that companies avoid paying their taxes is that they choose to use debts for their funding. in other words, tax saving, an activity of companies to avoid taxpaying, can be used to finance corporate projects. furthermore, since institutional owners are more inclined to supervise, they may shrink managerial behaviors to avoid taxpaying. in this study, institutional owners’ supe...

today continuation of economic activities requires access to timely and adequate financial resources to provide working capital for enterprises, and any decision in this area  has a considerable effect on the operational efficiency of the business unit and will lead to changes in the value of the company and ultimately shareholders' wealth.       in current conditions, because of  the volu...

Economic concepts have provided valuable sources of insight into important concepts underlying agile methodologies. The dynamics of capital markets are understood through the concept of market efficiency; an analogy is developed to project efficiency for understanding the dynamics of agile projects. The efficient project concept is then used to motivate the preoccupation of agile developers wit...

This study examined the impact of the financial crisis on the environmental and technical efficiencies of the Japanese manufacturing industry. Overall, we found that while the crisis had a negative impact on technical efficiency it did not affect environmental efficiencythe only exception was the transportation equipment sector which improved its environmental efficiency following the crisis. A...

This paper uses the DEA models to rank the efficiency of Indian non-life insurance firms over the period 2008-2013 with Expenses, Capital, Premium and Investment income variables in the modelling. These basic DEA models identify adequately the inefficient firms, but are weak in discriminating among those found to be efficient. To improve the discrimination, we used the Cross-Efficiency and the ...

The existing studies about regional R&D efficiency measurement in a specific period have not considered the dynamic interdependence between regional R&D activities over different periods. This paper offers a solution to this problem in multi-period regional R&D efficiency measurement with a novel application to China’s regional R&D systems. This solution can present a systemic measurement for t...

The purpose of the research is to examine the role of innovation capital in the creation of value for business organizations. Taking an intellectual capital (IC) perspective, the paper considers R&D investment and its impacts on the companies’ operating, financial, and market performance. To investigate the different components of intellectual capital using financial measures, a modified Value ...