The change in aortic blood density in an in vivo rabbit preparation was measured to assess fluid movement at the pulmonary capillaries caused by infusion of hypertonic solution (NaCl, urea, glucose, sucrose, or raffinose in isotonic saline) into the vena cava over 20 s. The hypertonic disturbance increased the plasma osmotic pressure by </=30 mosmol/l. The density change indicates that the flui...

The process of oxygen delivery from capillary to muscle fiber is essential for a tissue with variable oxygen demand, such as skeletal muscle. Oxygen distribution in exercising skeletal muscle is regulated by convective oxygen transport in the blood vessels, oxygen diffusion and consumption in the tissue. Spatial heterogeneities in oxygen supply, such as microvascular architecture and hemodynami...

A systematic study was made of capillary pressures in the microvascular bed of the mesentery of the cat. Simultaneous recordings were made with two micropipettes using a modification of the Wiederhielm servo-null system. All of the measurements were then referred to their specific location in the capillary bed by photographically reconstructing discrete networks. Pressures in different capillar...

Currently available models of thiopental disposition kinetics using only plasma concentration-time data neglect the influence of intratissue diffusion and provide no direct information on tissue partitioning in individual subjects. Our approach was based on a lumped-organ recirculatory model that has recently been applied to unbound compounds. The goal was to find the simplest model that accoun...

We used an embryological approach to investigate development and microvasculature of lingual papillae, and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the rat tongue. Temporal changes in the rat tongue at each developmental stage from embryonic day 13 (E13) to postnatal day 7 (P7) were observed by intravascular injection of India ink and immunohistochemistry using a VEGF antibody...

Functional regeneration of complex large-scaled defects requires both soft- and hard-tissue grafts. Moreover, bone constructs within these grafts require an extensive vascular supply for survival metabolism during the engraftment. Soft-tissue pedicles are often used to vascularize bony constructs. However, autologous tissue-harvest required fabrication remains a major procedural drawback. In cu...

Abstract Blood microcirculation is the site of control tissue perfusion, blood-tissue exchange, and blood volume. Despite many irregularities, almost ubiquitously, one can recognize in vessels a hierarchy arterioles venules, organized tree-like structures, capillary plexi, net-like structures. Whilst for venules it may be envisageable to obtain geometries needed numerical simulations from imagi...

3D Bioprinting In article number 2101405 by Shu Wang, Xiongfei Zheng, Qi Gu, and co-workers, a bioprinting methodology with multistage-temperature-control is developed, producing centimeter-scale vascularized soft tissues containing branched endothelialized vasculatures well-formed capillary networks. It ensures cellular activities then mimics mature functional liver tissue.

Metabolite diffusion in tissues produces gradients and heterogeneous microenvironments that are not captured in standard 2D cell culture models. Here we describe restricted exchange environment chambers (REECs) in which diffusive gradients are formed and manipulated on length scales approximating those found in vivo. In REECs, cells are grown in 2D in an asymmetric chamber (<50 μL) formed betwe...

Developing effective therapeutic interventions for pathological conditions associated with abnormal oxygen transport to muscle fibres critically depends on the objective characterisation of capillarity. Local indices of capillary supply have the potential to identify the onset of fine-scale tissue pathologies and dysregulation. Detailed tissue geometry, such as muscle fibre size, has been incor...