Our endocrine glands produce hormones, which are like the body’s messengers-they move through bloodstream until they reach their target organ, and then deliver instructions telling that organ exactly how to behave. These “messages” trigger important processes, metabolism, growth, reproduction even mood. Occasionally, in one of glands, a change DNA (known as mutation) causes abnormal cells grow,...

Prostate cancer has become one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Although lacking in specificity its diagnosis is still based partially on the serum-based test for prostate-specific antigen. As its pathogenesis has not yet been deciphered, the ongoing search for new and more reliable biomarkers remains a challenge to stratify disease onset and progression. Matrix-assisted laser desorpt...

The paper presents the results for water confined in a human breast cancerous tissue, a single stranded DNA, a double stranded DNA and in phospholipids (DPPC—D--Phosphatidylcholine, dipalmitoyl). The interfacial water in DNA and lipids is represented by a double band in the region of the OH stretching mode of water corresponding to the symmetric and asymmetric vibrational modes, in contrast to...

Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) microspectroscopic mapping can be used to distinguish between different tissue structures, and to increase the image contrast between normal and cancerous regions of a given tissue sample. This study demonstrates the biochemical changes associated with a consistent link between cancerous tissue and various molecular changes in the IR spectra of human pancreati...

AIM The purpose of this study was to investigate possible effects of green tea extract on the activities of DNA turn-over enzymes, namely adenosine deaminase (ADA) and xanthine oxidase (XO) in gastric and colon tissues from patients with stomach and colon cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six cancerous and 6 non-cancerous adjacent human gastric tissues, and 7 cancerous and 7 non-cancerous adjacen...

The dysbiosis of the human intestinal microbiota is linked to sporadic colorectal carcinoma (CRC). The present study was designed to investigate the gut microbiota distribution features in CRC patients. We performed pyrosequencing based analysis of the 16S rRNA gene V3 region to investigate microbiota of the cancerous tissue and adjacent non-cancerous normal tissue in proximal and distal CRC sa...

In vitro and in vivo assessment of safety and efficacy are the essential first steps in developing nanoparticle-based therapeutic systems. However, it is often challenging to use the knowledge gained from in vitro studies to predict the outcome of in vivo studies since the complexity of the in vivo environment, including the existence of flow and a multicellular environment, is often lacking in...

This thesis involves development of a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) tool for the detection of cancerous nodules in X-ray images. Both cancerous and non-cancerous regions appear with little distinction on an X-ray image. For accurate detection of cancerous nodules, we need to differentiate the cancerous nodules from the noncancerous. We developed an artificial neural network to differentiate th...