The cornerstone of oncology literature and therefore medical practice is the ability to compare outcomes of treatment modalities for different stages of cancer. The head and neck represents a complicated anatomical region with multiple tumour sites and sub-sites. Modern management necessitates accurate staging to allow meaningful discussion between all members of the multidisciplinary team. Var...

Recent studies have provided prognostic information and recommendations for staging thyroid cancers that have changed the staging and management guidelines for the disease. Consequently, minimal extrathyroidal extension (ETE) was removed from the T3 stage classification in the eighth edition of the TNM staging system by the American Joint Committee on Cancer. New T categories have been subseque...

The selection of appropriate chemotherapeutic and/or radiation therapy for small cell lung cancer should be done after careful diagnosis and staging workup. A patient with small cell lung cancer is presented and explanation given for each step in diagnosis and staging.

Axillary lymph nodes have long been recognized as a route for breast cancer to spread systemically. As result, staging of the axilla has always played central role in treatment cancer. Anatomic was believed be important two reasons: 1) it predicts prognosis and guides medical therapy, 2) is potential therapy removal disease axilla. This paradigm now called into question. Prognostic information ...

ounds: The cytological and histopathological findings establish the type of lung cancer cells as definitive diagnosis cancer. This study aimed to determine characteristics patients in terms age, mean gender, staging, proportion by cytologic examination Transthoracic Needle Aspiration (TTNA) histopathologic evaluation from CT-guided core biopsy. Method: is a descriptive involving 42 subjects dia...

PURPOSE The utility of N classification has been questioned after the 7th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)/Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) was published. We evaluated the correlation between ratio-based N (rN) classification with the overall survival of pathological T4 gastric cancer patients who underwent D2 lymphadenectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We revi...