OBJECTIVES To estimate the cost and patterns of expenditure of dry eye treatment. METHODOLOGY We retrieved data on the type and cost of dry eye treatment in Singapore National Eye Centre from pharmacy and clinic inventory databases over a 2 year period (2008-2009) retrospectively. According to the type of treatment, data were sorted into 7 groups; meibomien gland disease (MGD) treatment, pres...

Fourier transform infrared FTIR spectroscopy has found an important analytical niche in the field of condition monitoring CM of lubricants, lubricant quality being a primary determinant of the wear and operational efficiency of engines and machinery. The ability to track a wide range of functional groups associated with chemical changes in lubricants by FTIR spectroscopy allows the overall qual...

Tribological behavior of Cu-MoS2 and Ag-MoS2 nanocomposite lubricant was studied. Cu nanoparticles produced by electrical explosion of copper wires and Ag nanoparticles prepared by electrospark erosion were employed as metal cladding modifiers of MoS2 nanolamellar particles. The tribological tests showed Cu-MoS2 and Ag-MoS2 nanocomposite lubricants changed the friction coefficient of the initia...

Using the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with ReaxFF potential, two different types of PFPE lubricants (Ztetraol and ZTMD) are prepared on a-C film, SiO2 particles adsorbed onto at room temperature. From simulation results, it is observed that increase stiffness leading to less airshear displacement. Since Ztetraol has higher mobility lower viscosity than ZTMD, penetrate deeper into lubric...

The revolution in industrialization throughout the world has boosted the utilization of machinery and shifted the muscle power to machines. The use of machines in various sectors has increased the demand of petroleum based lubricants. Lubricants act as an antifriction media, facilitating smoother working, reducing the risks of undesirable frequent failures and maintaining reliable machine opera...

introduction: the purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare canal preparation pattern of k3 and protaper rotary files in curved resin blocks. materials and methods: twenty-four resin blocks were used in this experimental study and randomly divided into two groups. their initial images were scanned. after preparation, their images were scanned again in the same position. pre and post pre...

invasive cervical resorption is a condition that affects the root surface area below the epithelial attachment. multiple treatment modalities are advocated, involving exposure of the invasive defect, removal of the granulation tissue and sealing with various restorative materials. this report demonstrates conservative treatment of a patient presenting with peri-apical periodontitis in upper rig...

Wear particle-induced biological responses are the major factors resulting in the loosening and then failure of total joint arthroplasties. It is feasible to improve the lubrication and reduce the wear of artificial joint system. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is considered as a potential bearing material due to its mechanical characteristics of resistance to fatigue strain. The PEEK wear particle...