Voice interventions of various kinds have been widely used to create accountability in managers of public programs. We reviewed the evaluation literature to understand the findings with regard to the impact of voice interventions on quality and responsiveness of public services. The literature on ‘voice’ interventions is broad, but very few studies focus on quantitative outcomes that bear on im...

INTRODUCTION The Brazilian Government created Participatory Health Councils (PHCs) to allow citizen participation in the public health policy process. PHCs are advisory bodies that operate at all levels of government and that bring together different societal groups to monitor Brazil's health system. Today they are present in 98% of Brazilian cities, demonstrating their popularity and thus thei...

The AR's (Lewin, 1946) assumption was that human beings exist in life spaces through interaction, and communication, and that knowledge development is the result of changes in cognitive structures through communication and involvement in research processes. And further, from the construction of new knowledge gained by learning from each other, comes the presumption to change. The participation ...

Online policy discussion forums can be construed as a social network where citizens interact and collectively deliberate on policy issues. It is believed that citizen participation in such forums can help in the formulation of well-deliberated policy solutions. A key concern for governments is to promote participation in such forums. Social network literature reveals that the evolving interacti...