Humans can estimate their confidence in making correct decisions, but these judgments are biased by other estimations, an effect known as leak. However, it remains unclear whether this arises automatically. Here, we address issue having participants make two visual decisions and give ratings for one or both within each trial. Using the well-known interaction between task difficulty response acc...

This paper mainly focused on implementation of AES encryption and decryption standard AES-128. All the transformations of both Encryption and Decryption are simulated using an iterativedesign approach in order to minimize the hardware consumption. This method can make it avery low-complex architecture, especially in saving the hardware resource in implementing theAES InverseSub Bytes module and...

Loss of transparency of the lens is termed cataract which is one of the commonest causes of blindness throughout the world. This major health problem appears to be much commoner in many developing countries such as India and Pakistan, where it causes visual disability at a substantially earlier age and several hypotheses have been put forward to explain this higher prevalence in these areas. Re...