This article reports the first documented treatment of venomous snakebite with a polyvalent snake antivenom from the South African Institute for Medical Research in endangered African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus). Three juvenile male animals (6.5 months of age) showed clinical signs after being bitten by an unidentified venomous snake. The signs included loss of appetite, disorientation, impaired ...

background: the goal of antivenom administration for snake-bitten patients is to achieve therapeutic response (initial control), which means reversal of the venom-induced effects through neutralizing the venom. the aim of this study was to identify snakebite prognostic factors of weak therapeutic response prior to antivenom administration. methods: this was a retrospective study of patients wit...

background: immunotherapy is the only specific treatment for scorpion envenomation. in the present study, the protective effects of polyvalent antivenom against histopathological complications in kidneys and marker changes (bun and creatinine) induced by mesobuthus eupeus (me) scorpion venom was investigated in anesthetized rabbits. methods: twenty four rabbits were randomized into four groups:...

hemiscorpius lepturus is the most dangerous scorpion species, endemic in khuzestan province and other southwestern areas of iran, causing morbidity and mortality in children and adults. the efficacy of the antivenom for reversal of manifestation caused by venom of this scorpion is a controversial issue. in the present work, h. lepturus venom (1500 µg/kg) was subcutaneously injected into two ...

The public profile of the alpaca (Vicugna pacos) increased significantly as it became a more common agricultural species around the world and the focus of more intense modern breeding techniques and of genomic studies. The alpaca is 1 of 7 camelids that together occupy some of the world's most arid ecosystems and which have had large beneficial impacts on the human cultures in these areas. Toda...

Because the majority of colubrid species are considered harmless to human beings, colubrid snakebites are rarely reported. However, the venom of Rhabdophis, which is part of the Colubridae family, is procoagulant and leads to severe coagulopathy. Here, we present a case of disseminated intravascular coagulation with enhanced fibrinolysis following a Rhabdophis bite. Although coagulopathy can be...

Background Snakebite has recently been declared a global public health emergency. Empirical data showing the true burden of snakebite is lacking. Treatment with specific antivenoms is considered the only cure. However, several factors have led to an ongoing antivenom crisis. This study offers recommendations concerning the improvement of antivenom access and control, by providing an overview of...

A multi-dose injector to facilitate the immunization of horse by the ‘low dose, low volume multi-site’ protocol in antivenom/antitoxin production is described. With the device, 20 subcutaneous injections of about 0.1 ml of CFA emulsified immunogen around the horse’s neck could be easily accomplished within 3 minutes without any stress to the animal. Also described is an apron to prevent blister...