Even though most vertebral artery anomalies are asymptomatic, but the normally arising from superoposterior surface of its ipsilateral subclavian artery, plays a vital role, via Subclavian Steal Syndrome to help in vascularization upper limb anatomical structures. The case left with proximal origin stenosis 72 year -old female cadaver is reported and pathophysiological consequences an hypothesi...

The use of certain large-caliber (ie, 7F to 9F) coronary guiding catheters for selected neuroendovascular procedures is described in the context of surveying recently developed neurovascular guiding catheters. These large-caliber guiding catheters have proved useful in situations requiring proximal access to tortuous brachiocephalic arteries, permitting coaxial delivery of relatively large neur...

Low birthweight is associated with increased risk of hypertension, but underlying mechanisms are obscure. We hypothesized structural microvascular alterations may be one such mechanism. We examined the association of birthweight and retinal arteriolar caliber in 3800 persons aged 51 to 72 years participating in a population-based study in 4 US communities (the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communitie...

The control of radial growth of axons is of functional importance because caliber is a principal determinant of conduction velocity in myelinated nerve fibers. Neurofilaments, the major cytoskeletal protein in myelinated nerves, appear to be intrinsic determinants of caliber. Evidence supporting this derives first from the linear relationship between neurofilament content and axonal diameter. F...

OBJECTIVE It is not clear whether physical activity and sedentary behavior affect retinal microvascular caliber. We investigated associations among physical activity (outdoor and indoor sporting activities), sedentary behaviors (including screen time, television [TV] viewing, and computer and videogame usage), and retinal microvascular caliber in schoolchildren. METHODS AND RESULTS Six-year-o...

PURPOSE To examine whether baseline retinal vascular caliber predicts visual response to intravitreal ranibizumab injections in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS In this prospective cohort study, patients with neovascular AMD received three monthly intravitreal injections of ranibizumab, followed by as needed dosing up to 1 year. Retinal vascular calibe...

a‎s we know, developing mathematical models and numerical procedures that would appropriately treat and solve systems of linear equations where some of the system's parameters are proposed as fuzzy numbers is very important in fuzzy set theory. for this reason, many researchers have used various numerical methods to solve fuzzy linear systems. in this paper, we define the concepts of midpoint a...

The present work aimed to contribute for a better knowledge regarding soil features as cork quality indicators for stoppers. Cork sampling was made in eight Cork oak stands (montados de sobreiro) located in the Plio-Plistocene sedimentary formations of Península de Setúbal in southern Tagus River region. The samples used to classify the cork as stopper for wine bottles were obtained in eight co...

PURPOSE The pathway linking late-life malnutrition to greater risk of cardiovascular disease is unclear. Microcirulatory changes assessed by retinal vascular caliber have been linked with increased risk of stroke and coronary heart disease. The purpose of this study was to examine whether retinal vascular calibers are associated with malnutrition in elderly subjects free of cardiovascular disea...

PURPOSE The arteriole to venule ratio (AVR) is widely used in studies of the associations of retinal microvascular disease with systemic and ocular outcomes. This is a discussion of the limitations of AVR; a comparison of its predictive information with that of its components, arteriolar and venular caliber; and a description of a suggested alternative method of modeling arteriolar and venular ...