Gokshuradi Yog (GY) is a polyherbal ayurvedic formulation used traditionally for several decades in India for the treatment of urolithiasis. The aim of the present study was to determine the underlying mechanism of GY action in the management of calcium oxalate urolithiasis. The effect of Gokshuradi polyherbal aqueous extracts (GPAEs) was studied on various biochemical parameters involved in ca...

Colonization with Oxalobacter formigenes may reduce the risk of calcium oxalate kidney stone disease. To improve our limited understanding of host-O. formigenes and microbe-O. formigenes interactions, germfree mice and mice with altered Schaedler flora (ASF) were colonized with O. formigenes. Germfree mice were stably colonized with O. formigenes, which suggests that O. formigenes does not requ...

Calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone was induced in rats using 0.75% of ethylene glycol in drinking water for 28 days. Ethylene glycol treated rats showed significant increase in the activities of oxalate synthesizing enzymes such as glycolic acid oxidase (GAO) in liver and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in liver and kidney. CaOx crystal deposition, as indicated by increased excretion of stone-forming con...

Phosphorylated peptides of osteopontin (OPN) have been shown to inhibit the growth of the {100} face of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM). The inhibitory potency has been shown to be dependent on the phosphate content of the peptide. The purpose of this study is to better understand the means by which phosphate groups promote crystal growth inhibition by OPN peptides. Peptides of rat bone OPN 2...

Developing soybean seeds accumulate very large amounts of both soluble oxalate and insoluble crystalline calcium (Ca) oxalate. Use of two methods of detection for the determination of total, soluble, and insoluble oxalate revealed that at +16 d postfertilization, the seeds were 24% dry mass of oxalate, and three-fourths of this oxalate (18%) was bound Ca oxalate. During later seed development, ...

The extraordinary capacity of phytate (myo-inositol hexaphosphate), a substance present in blood, urine, interstitial and intracellular fluids, to inhibit crystallization of calcium salts (oxalate and phosphate) is discussed. Its role in preventing calcium renal stone formation is specifically presented and discussed. "In vitro" and "in vivo" experiments, as well as clinical studies clearly dem...

OBJECTIVES Calcium oxalate kidney stones are more common in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). The aims of this study were to verify the prevalence of the main risk factors for calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis in patients with CD and to evaluate the degree of urinary relative supersaturation for calcium oxalate (CaOx), dihydrogen uric acid (DHUA) and monohydrogen calcium phosphate (MHCaP). SUBJ...

To investigate the efficacy in occluding dentin tubules of a modified calcium phosphate based solution supplemented with fluoride and zinc ions (CaP), dentine discs were separately treated with CaP and certain common desensitizing agents including potassium oxalate solution (OX), modified oxalate solutions supplemented with calcium ions (OX/Ca) or phosphate ions (OX/P) for 8 minutes, followed b...

Urine from mammalian kidneys is regularly supersaturated with respect to calcium oxalate monohydrate, the most common solid phase in human nephrolithiasis, and also inhibits the nucleation, growth, and aggregation of calcium oxalate crystals. Nephrolithiasis is often associated with increased supersaturation, and it is assumed that this increase overbalances the inhibition effects, causing ston...