flective, with a regular structure and moderate sound attenuation. This tumorwascharacteristicof pleomorphicadenomainseveralways. The patient had a painless change in appearance for at least 1 year. The lesionwasoval,wellcircumscribed,and appeared encapsulated on both computed tomographic and ultrasonographic studies. However, it showed significant,diffusecalcificationonboth imaging studies. In...

Vascular calcification is part of the definition of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). It is also a surrogate parameter of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risk in the CKD population. However, vascular calcification is not a homogenous entity, but a rather complex manifestation influenced by derangements of calcium and phosphate homeostasis, by dysregulated calcif...

Five hundred forty-four unselected patients were examined by a radiologist as to the presence or absence of coronary artery calcification. The overall prevalence of coronary calcification was 20% and there was a definite increase in the prevalence of the finding with increasing age. A comparison of 94 patients with coronary calcification with a matched control group without calcification indica...

Radiographic demonstration of calcification within spinal canal tumors is rare [1] . The most common lesion of this type showing calcification is a meningioma. Other lesions showing calcification include neurofibromas, hemangioblastomas, neuroblastomas, ganglioneuromas, and herniated thoracic disks. Very rarely is calcification seen within neurilemomas [2, 3] , and, if present, it may be noted ...

A series of 3,648 computed tomographic (CT) scans was reviewed to determine the incidence of intracranial vertebral artery calcification. Calcification was identified in one or both vertebral arteries in 3.4% and was more frequent in the higher age groups. Skull radiographs demonstrated vertebral artery calcification in only one of 48 patients in whom CT studies showed it. A high correlation wa...

Marine algae are instrumental in carbon cycling and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) regulation. One group, coccolithophores, uses carbon to photosynthesize and to calcify, covering their cells with chalk platelets (coccoliths). How ocean acidification influences coccolithophore calcification is strongly debated, and the effects of carbonate chemistry changes in the geological past are poorly u...

With age, the calcium content of the arterial wall increases. Calcification occurs at two main levels: intimal plaques and the medial elastic fiber network. The latter has been referred to as medial elastocalcinosis and is the subject of this review. The mechanisms involved in elastocalcinosis are complex and involve polar, apolar, and active processes. Vascular calcification may be species spe...

Calcification of cardiovascular prosthetic implants is a common and important problem. This review provides an update based upon the Conference on Cardiovascular Implant Calcification held as part of the 13th World Congress of the International Society for Heart Research, 1989. A variety of cardiovascular prostheses are affected clinically by calcification, including bioprosthetic heart valves,...

Arterial calcifications as found with various imaging techniques, like plain X-ray, computed tomography or ultrasound are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. The prevalence of arterial calcification increases with age and is stimulated by several common cardiovascular risk factors. In this review, the clinical importance of arterial calcification and the currently known proteins invo...

Vascular calcification is a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. A full understanding of the signalling pathways mediating vascular calcification is crucial not just because of the importance of this pathology in disease, but also for exploring potential therapeutic targets. Clinically there is a need to develop therapies to prevent or even reverse calcification in situ...