the electronic absorption spectral line shape of a diatomic molecule with harmonic potential curves is calculated using the time correlation function formalism. both the equilibrium shift and the frequency shift of the two linking electronic states ate taken into account. the spectrum is also calculated using the cumulated expansion which is related to the correlation function of the time-depen...

the purpose of this paper is to introduce the concept of l-fuzzybilinear operators. we obtain a decomposition theorem for l-fuzzy bilinearoperators and then prove that a l-fuzzy bilinear operator is the same as apowerset operator for the variable-basis introduced by s.e.rodabaugh (1991).finally we discuss the continuity of l-fuzzy bilinear operators.

When the overidentifying restrictions of the constant-effect linear instrumental variables model fail, common IV estimators converge to different probability limits. I characterize the estimands of two stage least squares, two step GMM, and limited information maximum likelihood as functions of the single-instrument estimands from the just-identified IV regressions which consider each instrumen...

From Micro Data to Causality: Forty Years of Empirical Labor Economics This overview describes the development of methods for empirical research in the field of labor economics during the past four decades. This period is characterized by the use of micro data to answer policy relevant research question. Prominent in the literature is the search for exogenous variation in treatment assignment w...

Wastes produced during fermentation and distillation of crude sugarcane juice in rum factories were evaluated as a new source of waxes. The chemical composition of the crude wax extracted from adsorbat of the wastes on fuller's earth was studied by GC-mass spectrometry. Series of linear alkanes (C19-C33), and wax esters constitute the main components. In addition, phytosterols, triterpene methy...

Mycolic acids were detected in both reference strains and clinical isolates of mycobacteria using gas chromatography of fatty acid methyl esters prepared by acid methanolysis. The methyl esters were extracted with hexane, concentrated, and analyzed with a gas chromatograph by using two different injector temperatures. When the samples were analyzed at high injector temperatures of 300 to 350 de...

In this study, Polyaniline molecule (emeraldine base) is modeled as a molecular wire and the effects of the metal/molecule coupling strength and the molecule length on the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics are numerically investigated. Using a tight-binding Hamiltonian model, the methods based on Non-equilibrium Green’s function theory, Landauer formalism and Newns-Anderson model, our calcu...

This paper investigates the Becker-Woessmann (2009) argument that Protestants were more prosperous in nineteenth-century Prussia because they were more literate, a version of the Weber thesis, and shows that it cannot be sustained. The econometric analysis on which Becker and Woessman based their argument is fundamentally flawed, because their instrumental variable does not satisfy the exclusio...