We previously showed that inhibition of repeated electroconvulsive shock (ECS)-induced seizures through 7-day administration of anti-epileptic drugs suppressed the impairment of spontaneous alternation behavior in the Y-maze test in rats. To clarify the precise mechanism(s), we investigated the effect of valproate on such impairment and examined the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (...

Protein malnutrition after weaning changes the neurotransmission in neural pathways that organize cardiovascular reflexes in rats. The present study evaluates whether protein malnutrition alters the expression of c-fos protein (immediate-early gene expression) in central areas involved in the control of cardiovascular reflexes after intermittent stimulation of the baroreflex. The main nuclei we...

Objective(s): To investigate the effects of Nonylphenol (NP) in pups from dams exposed during gestational and lactational periods on immediate early genes (c-jun, c-fos) in hippocampus and the learning and memory of F1 rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty eight pregnant dams, stratified by pregnancy date, were randomly assigned into 4 groups, which were gavaged with NP at the doses of 50 mg/kg/d...

Hildebrandt, Jan-Peter, andAlexandra Prowald. Ca21 and p38 MAP kinase regulate mAChR-mediated c-Fos expression in avian exocrine cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 278: C879–C884, 2000.—Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) in exocrine tissue from the avian nasal salt gland are coupled to phospholipase C and generate inositol phosphate and Ca21 signals upon activation. An early effect of re...

Just over a decade has past since Hunt et al. reported that the gene c-fos and its protein product Fos are expressed in the spinal cord of rats subjected to peripheral noxious stimulation. These authors showed that noxious stimulation (application of radiant heat or mustard oil) to the hind paw resulted in a massive increase in the expression of Fos in neurons in the dorsal horn of the lumbar s...

Inhibitors of protein synthesis, such as anisomycin and cycloheximide, lead to superinduction of immediate-early genes. We demonstrate that these two drugs activate intracellular signaling pathways involving both the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) cascades. The activation of either pathway correlates with phosphorylation of the c-fos regulator...

A shared characteristic of tumor cells is their exacerbated growth. Consequently, tumor cells demand high rates of phospholipid synthesis required for membrane biogenesis to support their growth. c-Fos, in addition to its AP-1 transcription factor activity, is the only protein known up to date that is capable of activating lipid synthesis in normal and brain tumor tissue. For this latter activi...

Growth hormone (GH) is required for the terminal differentiation of preadipose Ob1771 cells that have entered the differentiation program as evidenced by the expression of early marker genes (pOb24 and lipoprotein lipase). Induction of c-fos mRNA within 15 min and induction of insulin-like growth factor I mRNA within a few hours take place in response to GH. The role of GH is mediated, at least...