This note discusses some mathematical misunderstandings about Savage (1954). It is shown that in his model the probability measure cannot be countably additive, that the set of events must be a u-algebra and not just an algebra, that Savage did not characterize all atomless finitely additive probability measures, and that the state space in his model, while infinite, does not have to be uncount...

To respond to an utterance, a listener must interpret what others have said and why they have said it. Misunderstandings occur when agents differ in their beliefs about what has been said or why. Our work combines intentional and social accounts of discourse, unifying theories of speech act production, interpretation, and the repair of misunderstandings. A unified theory has been developed by c...

As a new science, posture suffers from a lack of definitions, which can often lead to misunderstandings. Looking up the definition of posture in the Oxford Dictionary one finds: “a position of a person’s body when standing or sitting.” This is a fair explanation for a dictionary but is unscientific in as far as it provides no inkling about the mechanisms underlying posture. Scientists have adop...

A number of misunderstandings about modeling the apparent accelerated expansion of the Universe and about the ‘weak singularity’ are clarified: (1) Of the five definitions of the deceleration parameter given by Hirata and Seljak (HS), only q1 is a correct invariant measure of acceleration/deceleration of expansion. The q3 and q4 are unrelated to acceleration in an inhomogeneous model. (2) The a...