OBJECTIVE The effects of particle size of processed barley grain, enzyme addition and microwave treatment on in vitro dry matter (DM) disappearance (DMD), gas production and fermentation pH were investigated for feedlot cattle. METHODS Rumen fluid from four fistulated feedlot cattle fed a diet of 860 dry-rolled barley grain, 90 maize silage and 50 supplement g/kg DM was used as inoculum in 3 ...

The significant penetration rate of wind turbines in power systems made some challenges in the operation of the systems such as large-scale power fluctuations induced by wind farms. Gas-fired plants with fast starting ability and high ramping can better handle natural uncertainties of wind power compared to other traditional plants. Therefore, the integration of electrical and natural gas syste...

Hydrogen production in a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) can be achieved by either setting the anode potential with a potentiostat, or by adding voltage to the circuit with a power source. In batch tests the largest total gas production (46 3 mL), lowest energy input (2.3 0.3 kWh/m of H2 generated), and best overall energy recovery (sEþS 1⁄4 58 6%) was achieved at a set anode potential of EAn...

This study was conducted to the determine fermentation characteristics of soybean oligosaccharides (SBOS) in an in vitro system. Digesta collected from the colon of Huanjiang mini-pigs was used as inoculums, and SBOS (0.2 g per 10 mL fermentation broth) was used as substrate during the in vitro fermentation. The inoculum or inoculum + glucose (0.2 g) was used as negative or positive control, re...

An in vitro gas production technique was used to screen different organic acids (formic, propionic, lactic, citric, and fumaric acid), organic salts (calcium formate, potassium sorbate, and sodium benzoate), and inorganic phosphoric acid for their ability to modulate microbial fermentation in the digestive tract of piglets. For the incubation, 40 ml of culture medium (53% buffer, 45% frozen ile...

The effect of nitrogen fertilization of maize on fermentability of maize grain in the rumen was studied by means of in vitro method based on the measurement of gas produced during the incubation of samples with rumen liquor. Gas production was recorded continuously up to 72 h incubation time and cumulative gas production was described by the Gompertz equation Y=A*exp(-exp(-d*(t-tm))). Seven tre...

Natural gas from organic rich shales has become an important part of the supply of natural gas in the United States. Modern drilling and stimulation techniques have increased the potential and profitability of shale gas reserves that earlier were regarded as unprofitable resources of natural gas. The most prominent property of shale gas reservoirs is the low permeability. This is also the reaso...

Two studies were undertaken to evaluate the effects of cellulase and endoxylanase enzymes on the chemical composition and the fermentation characteristics of grass silage, using the gas production technique. Perennial ryegrass was ensiled in 1 litre glass containers for 90 days with cellulase (0±2 g}kg grass on fresh weight basis) and endoxylanase in the concentrations of 0±05 g}kg grass (Endox...

global aquaculture production has more than tripled during the last 15 years, and aquaculture is expected to account an increasing share in global seafood production. there are large differences among countries in the rate of growth and development of aquaculture. this review tries to explain the progress and problems of aquaculture during three last decades in iran. the total production of ira...

the nutritive value of pistachio epicarp (pe) was evaluated by in situ and in vitro techniques. chemical analysis indicated that pe was high in crude protein (11.30%) and low in neutral detergent fiber (26.20%). total phenols, total tannins, condensed tannins and hydrolysable tannins contents in pe were 8.29%, 4.48%, 0.49% and 3.79%, respectively. ruminal dry matter and crude protein degradatio...