We introduce the Preference for Earlier versus Later Income (PELI) scale, measuring patience over 50,000 individuals from 65 countries. focus on relationship between age and income patience, two variables that have been widely studied in isolation. find that, within countries, richest quintile are equally patient at any while poorest less older they are. The relationships other quintiles distri...

ABSTRACT In social insects, changes in behavior are often accompanied by structural the brain. This neuroplasticity may come with experience (experience-dependent) or age (experience-expectant). Yet, evolutionary relationship between and sociality is unclear, because we know little about solitary relatives of species. We used confocal microscopy to measure brain response a halictid bee (Nomia m...