ground penetration radar (gpr) as a nondestructive method for identifying underground objects has been successfully applied to different fields of science such as geotechnical investigations, oil and gas exploration, geology, pipe detection and archeology investigations. metallic and nonmetallic objects can be identified by this method.  the depth of penetration is dictated by the gpr antennas....

We carried out several numerical experiments to analyze how different boundary conditions affect the ability detect small pipeline leaks. Our method is based on determining soil temperature gradient above a buried district heating channel. The equivalent thermal conductivity of wet insulation (λeq) value 0.5 W/(m·K) was used mimic water leakage. To evaluate heat loss through channel cross secti...

A series of full-scale experiments was conducted to estimate lateral soil constraints on pipes buried in dense sandy slopes at different burial depths. The experimental data indicated that the force pipe increases with increase slope grade and depth ratio. against relative displacement response observed from is presented compared those arising level ground conditions. study extended larger rati...

Water utilities across the globe are concerned with inspection and replacement of buried metallic water pipes due to corrosion-related structural damages. Internal pipe linings commonly used as a renewal method improve strength they regarded be less expensive alternative costly time-consuming replacements. However, also prone failure well. Therefore, authorities regularly monitor lining perform...

In recent years, the development of urban underground space in China, especially construction and operation subway tunnels, has greatly relieved pressure traffic. Due to imperfect planning facility, many tunnels have be built under existing utility (pipe galleries). Nevertheless, shield tunnel a great adverse impact on deformation safety pipe gallery. Therefore, this paper takes Xi’an Metro Lin...

Branch pipe T-joints are used to connect and bifurcate hydraulic channels in big power plants size. These components submitted enormous strengths that must be counteracted by integrated structures the T-joint, for this case specified arrangement type "Nun neck". The main objective work is about validate structurally numerical analysis branch T-joint design with reinforcement “Nun Neck” operatio...