Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strains with multiple antibiotic resistances are increasingly widespread, and new agents are required for the treatment of S. aureus. Cryptotanshinone (CT), a major tanshinone of medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, demonstrated effective in vitro antibacterial activity against all 21 S. aureus strains tested in this experiment. Affymetrix GeneChips were ...

This paper evaluates the dynamic aspects of the UML in the context of interorganizational workflows. Two evaluation methodologies are used. The first one is ontological and is based on the BWW (Bunge-Wand-Weber) models. The second validation is based on prototyping and consists of the development of a workflow management system in the aerospace industry. Both convergent and divergent results ar...

Results of Bunge and Funk and of Johnstone, providing constructively sound descriptions of the global points of the lower and upper powerlocales, are extended here to describe the generalized points and proved in a way that displays in a symmetric fashion two complementary treatments of frames: as suplattices and as preframes. We then also describe the points of the Vietoris powerlocale. In eac...

We present some new findings concerning branched covers in topos theory. Our discussion involves a particular subtopos of a given topos that can be described as the smallest subtopos closed under small coproducts in the including topos. Our main result is a description of the covers of this subtopos as a category of fractions of branched covers, in the sense of Fox [10], of the including topos....

Two new steroidal saponins, cynanside A (1) and B (2) were isolated together with three known compounds (3-5) from the roots of Cynanchum paniculatum (Bunge) Kitag. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, including extensive 2D NMR and acid hydrolysis. We evaluated the cytotoxicity of isolates (1-5) against A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, and HCT-15 cell lines...

In this study, the efficient micropropagation protocol of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge was established and also triterpenoid saponin polysaccharide content in ethanol, methanol aqueous extracts different samples were determined by using spectrophotometric methods to investigate whether biologically active compounds depends on stage development plant during vitro culture. The total saponins poly...

Despite its origins in software modeling, there has been growing interest in using the Unified Modeling Language (UML) for conceptual modeling of application domains. However, the UML has many constructs that are purely software oriented. Consequently, the suitability of the UML for modeling “real world” phenomena has been questioned. This research aims to assign real-world semantics to a core ...

Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is a member of the major lipophilic components extracted from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, which is currently used in China and other neighboring countries to treat patients suffering from myocardial infarction (MI), angina pectoris, stroke, diabetes, sepsis, and other conditions. However, Tan IIA is not easy to be absorbed through intestinal pathway. To raise...

The absorption properties, mechanism of action, and structure-property relationship of three phenolic acids isolated from the flowers of Trollius chinensis Bunge, namely, proglobeflowery acid (PA), globeflowery acid (GA) and trolloside (TS), were investigated using the human Caco-2 cell monolayer model. The results showed that these three phenolic acids were transported across the Caco-2 cell m...

A significant research program involving the ontology of Mario Bunge has been underway for the past two decades to examine the theoretical underpinnings of information systems. In recent years there has been increasing doubt about founding such a program on a single ontology. This has culminated in an article by Boris Wyssusek in which the whole program of (philosophical) ontology in informatio...