Fungal decay of wood in service, especially brown-rot, results in billions of dollars (US) of losses annually. Recent environmental restrictions, both U.S. and international, are limiting or eliminating the use of broad spectrum biocides for wood preservation, primarily due to problems with disposal. In order to design new, environmentally benign methods for control of wood decay fungi, it is e...

Interest in understanding how brown-rot fungi decay wood has received increasing interest in recent years because of a need to identify novel targets that can be inhibited for the next generation of antifungal wood preservatives. Brown-rot fungi are unique in that they can degrade holocellulose (cellulose and hemicellulose) in wood without first removing the lignin. Furthermore, they degrade ho...

This paper discusses various aspects of multibunch motion in thepresence of nearest neighbor wakefield coupling. Included are the solution to the problem for smooth focusing with equal bunch energies, an explanation for the apparent &mping of the bunch amplitudes that is observed for weak coupling, and a treatment of the problem for discrete focusing based on the moments of the wakefield distri...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive, and the second most common form of neurodegenerative disorders. In order to explore novel agents for the treatment of PD, in the current study, we have evaluated the neuroprotective efficacy of ferulic acid (FA) using rotenone (ROT)-induced rat model of PD. ROT was administered 2.5 mg/kg body weight to male Wistar rats for 4 weeks to induce th...

The amplitude of Parametric X-ray radiation emitted coherently by a bunch of electrons crossing a crystal (CPXR) is calculated. When the bunch density is modulated with a longitudinal period close to the X-ray wavelenght, constructive many-electron interferences enhance the intensity by Nb × |F (K)| , where Nb is the number of electrons in the bunch, F (K) the bunch form factor and K a specifie...

In this paper, we have developed a novel block cipher involving a key bunch matrix supported by a key-based permutation and a key-based substitution. In this analysis, the decryption key bunch matrix is obtained by using the given encryption key bunch matrix and the concept of multiplicative inverse. From the cryptanalysis carried out in this investigation, we have seen that the strength of the...

In this paper we try to explain the single bunch energy spread increasing in a proton storage ring. Different from an electron machine, the random motions of some particles of a bunch are caused by the nonlinear synchrotron oscillations perturbed by the short range longitudinal wakefield. An analytical single bunch threshold current formula has been established to indicate the beginning of the ...

Bunch-by-bunch feedback systems for curing coupled-bunch instabilities in the KEKB rings have been constructed. Even at a very early stage of the commissioning of the rings, strong transverse instabilities occurred in both rings which limited maximum storable currents. Stabilization of the beams with transverse feedback systems has been successful so far, enabling us to accumulate greater beam ...

A bunch-by-bunch longitudinal feedback system has been used to control coupledbunch longitudinal motion and study the behavior of the beam at ALS, SPEAR, PEP-II, and DA Φ NE. Each of these machines presents unique challenges to feedback control of unstable motion and data analysis. Here we present techniques developed to adapt this feedback system to operating conditions at these accelerators. ...