The homeobox gene Gsx2 (formerly Gsh2) is known to be required for striatal and olfactory bulb neurogenesis; however, its specific role in the specification of these two neuronal subtypes remains unclear. To address this, we have employed a temporally regulated gain-of-function approach in transgenic mice and found that misexpression of Gsx2 at early stages of telencephalic neurogenesis favors ...

background and objectives: tree nuts and their oils contain bioactive materials which have vital roles in improving human’s health. degradation and decreasing the quality of the nuts especially in almond which have high fat is related to the oxidation. the quality of stored almond depends mainly on the kernel moisture and fat , storage temperature, relative humidity, oxygen level, type of packa...

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that's triggered by a terrifying event - either experiencing it or witnessing it. In addition to the relationship between PTSD and neuroinflammation, research indicates that olfactory bulb are effective in anxiety disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the electrophysiological activity of olfactory bulb in the animal mod...

abstract persian shallot (moseer) belongs to alliaceae family, is a perennial medicinal and industrial edible alliums in iran. very little information is available about different aspects of this species particularly on its agronomical production. in order to determine optimum sowing date and plant density in persian shallot, an experiment was conducted as split plot based on complete randomize...

Axon targeting during the development of the olfactory system is not always accurate, and numerous axons overextend past the target layer into the deeper layers of the olfactory bulb. To date, the fate of the mis-targeted axons has not been determined. We hypothesized that following overextension, the axons degenerate, and cells within the deeper layers of the olfactory bulb phagocytose the axo...

Shape knowledge indexing is crucial in design reuse and knowledge engineering, in which the pivot issue is to establish the unique representation of the invariant shape properties. In this paper we present a local shape-indexing scheme defined on the Fourier spectrum of the shape distribution. We theoretically prove that our shape code is strictly invariant of affine transformations, and be sui...

• Turn on the equipment at the lowest light intensity setting. Sudden high voltage surges can blow bulbs, especially when cold. • Use the equipment at lower light intensity settings as much as possible. • Turn off the bulb or equipment when it is not being used. • Don’t move a device while the bulb is still lit or hot: wait until the bulb has cooled. Even gentle vibrations may cause a hot bulb ...

INTRODUCTION In vivo, most neurons in the main olfactory bulb exhibit robust spontaneous activity. This paper tests the hypothesis that spontaneous activity in olfactory receptor neurons drives much of the spontaneous activity in mitral and tufted cells via excitatory synapses. METHODS Single units were recorded in vivo from the main olfactory bulb of a rat before, during, and after applicati...

Microscopic lymphatics produce nitric oxide (NO) during contraction as flow shear activates the endothelial cells. The valve leaflets and bulbous valve housing contain a large amount of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) due both to many endothelial cells and increased expression of eNOS. Direct NO measurements indicate the valve area has a 30-50% higher NO concentration ([NO]) than tubul...