BACKGROUND Injury to the face can result in the loss of critical specialized structures (the eyelids, lips, ears and nose). Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) allows the surgeon to replace exactly what has been lost. The success of the clinical face transplants suggests the possibility of transplanting specialized units of the face. In this study we explore the neurovascular anato...

buccal cavity as a compound ecosystem has always been ignored in parasitic infection studies; however it seems that studying on mouth and tooth prevalent parasitic infections is of great importance. in this study, from 120 patients of both sexes referred to faculty of dentistry, tehran university of medical sciences, iran, (2001-2002) 240 samples were taken from the plaques and calculus of dept...

buccal mucoadhesive films have attracted great attention among mucoadhesive systems due to their ability to adhere and remain on the oral mucosa and to release their drug content gradually. the aim of the current study was to formulate the ziziphus jujuba aqueous extract as buccal bioadhesive film, which continiously releases the drug at sufficient concentration for reducing the frequency of th...

metastatic tumors to the heart unlike primary cardiac tumors are not rare. despite its frequency, cardiac metastasis is commonly detected only during autopsy as the symptoms of disseminated metastasis prevail over symptoms caused by cardiac metastasis and hence is overlooked most of the time. tumors more commonly found metastasizing to the heart are malignancies of lung, breast, esophagus, lymp...

BACKGROUND Opioids can be a safe and effective option for carefully selected patients with a structured treatment program that includes consistent monitoring. However, the benefits and risks of opioid therapy for patients with chronic pain, and society as a whole, have been sharply debated. A key component of this debate has involved the administration of rapid-onset opioids for the management ...

Wood dust is recognised as a human carcinogen, based on the strong association of wood dust exposure and the elevated risk of malignant tumours of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses [sino-nasal cancer (SNC)]. The study aimed to assess genetic damage in workers exposed to wood dust using biomarkers in both buccal and nasal cells that reflect genome instability events, cellular proliferation ...

In the sea slug Aplysia, rhythmic biting is eliminated after bilateral cerebral-buccal connective (CBC) crushes and recovers within 14 days postlesion (dpl). The ability of cerebral-buccal interneuron-2 (CBI-2) to elicit ingestion buccal motor programs (iBMPs; i.e., fictive rhythmic ingestion) and to regenerate synaptic connections with target buccal neurons was assessed with intracellular reco...

The buccal mucosa is the site at highest risk of contracting malignancy in habitual betel-quid chewers who expose the buccal mucosa to high doses of carcinogens. Of all oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), those of the buccal mucosa are most associated with the poorest prognoses. Therefore, an animal model would be helpful to evaluate new treatment modalities for buccal SCC. We evaluated wheth...

The buccal mucosa lines the inner cheek, and buccal formulations are placed in the mouth between the upper gingivae (gums) and cheek to treat local and systemic conditions. The buccal route provides one of the potential route for typically large, hydrophilic and unstable proteins, oligonucleotides and polysaccharides, as well as conventional small drug molecules. The oral cavity has been used a...