In field experiments manipulating generalist pathogens and host community composition, the presence of a highly susceptible reservoir species drove disease dynamics in multiple nonreservoir species, sometimes decreasing their abundance through apparent competition. The dynamics of generalist pathogens in multispecies host communities remain a major frontier for disease ecology. Of particular in...

This paper reviews a model of bubbles under the assumption of heterogeneous rational traders. In the presence of dispersion of opinions, or sequential awareness, financial bubbles are justified by the interactions between rational arbitrageurs and behavioural traders. Timing is a very important component in the trader's strategy. This model is then extended to explain both bubbles and overshoot...

Bubbles confined in microchannels self-organize without directly contacting one another when excited by an external acoustic field. The bubbles tend to form periodic "crystal"-like lattices with a finite interbubble distance. This equilibrium distance can be adjusted by simply tuning the acoustic frequency. This new type of crystal is purely mediated by acoustic surface waves emitted by the pul...

Abstract We report the results of an experiment designed to study the role of institutional structure in the formation of bubbles and crashes in laboratory asset markets. In a setting employing double auctions and call markets as trading institutions, bubbles and crashes are a quite robust phenomenon. The only factor appearing to reduce bubbles is experience across markets. In this study, we em...

in recent decades, foreign direct investment (fdi) has played a vital role in economic growth of developed and developing countries. fdi brings new capital and technology to the host country beside a possibility of spillover to local firms. hence, fdi is considered as an important channel of technology transfer. however, in empirical studies, the size and direction of effects of fdi on producti...

spatial environmental autocorrelation is a known phenomenon in the environmental studies explaining spatial relationship of environmental characteristics of different geographical units. different mechanisms have been proposed to clarify how the environments of especially neighboring countries response to changes of each other. this paper attempts to propose a new mechanism, namely spatial inst...

Initially homogeneous uspensions of bubbles in basaltic magmas and lava flows may become unstable and form rising waves or layers of bubbles. We derive a set of model equations for the two-phase (bubble-liquid) system and present the results of a linear stability analysis and numerical simulations. Periodic vesicle layers are preserved in Columbia l•iver flows with a spacing of •1 m; the predic...

The formation of bubbles in a flow-focusing (FF) junction comprising multiple rectangular sections is described. The simplest junctions comprise two sections (throat and orifice). Systematic investigation of the influence on the formation of bubbles of the flow of liquid and the geometry of the junction identifies regimes that generate monodisperse, bidisperse, and tridisperse trains of bubbles...

Damage to cells and tissues exposed to shock waves (SWs) is thought to be secondary to cavitation phenomena involving the collapse of gas bubbles in a fluid. Using HT-29 cells and DHDK12PROb tumors, we tried to enhance SW-related damage by the simultaneous administration of gas microbubbles. Bubbles resulted from a mixture of air and gelatin (HT-29 cells) or from a carbonated NaCl solution (tum...