Heat capacities, standard enthalpies of formation and entropies for 339 polybrominated/chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PXDDs) in the gas state were calculated using the density functional theory to construct a consistent set of thermodynamic values. The heat capacities and the entropies for PXDDs increase with increase in the substitute number of bromine and chlorine. As the degree of brominatio...

During the Arctic Tropospheric Ozone Chemistry (ARCTOC) campaigns at Ny-AÊ lesund, Spitsbergen, the role of halogens in the depletion of boundary layer ozone was investigated. In spring 1995 and 1996 up to 30 ppt bromine monoxide were found whenever ozone decreased from normal levels of about 40 ppb. Those main trace gases and others were speci®cally followed in the UV-VIS spectral region by di...

Bromine-based flow batteries (Br-FBs) are receiving more and attention because of the high potential, solubility, low cost Br2/Br− redox couple. However, self-discharge reaction caused by bromine diffusion leads to serious irreversible capacity decay Br-FBs. Herein, a porous composite membrane is designed for Br-FBs, upon which highly selective separation layer constructed introducing complexin...

The adjective "aromatic" is used by organic chemists in a rather different way than it is normally applied. It has its origin in the observation that certain natural substances, such as cinnamon bark, wintergreen leaves, vanilla beans and anise seeds, contained fragrant compounds having common but unexpected properties. Cinnamon bark, for example, yielded a pleasant smelling compound, formula C...

The clean and facile electrochemical synthesis of hypervalent iodine reagents is a fast growing field. In the past 5 years, diverse number reaction types have been established, from fluorinations, oxidative cyclizations, C−N C−H couplings oxidations. Electrochemistry beneficial in terms sustainability as requirement for chemical oxidants eliminated. This contributes to cleaner processes with li...

Halogens (fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine) were determined by activation analyses (neutron activation analysis (NAA), photon activation analysis (PAA) and prompt gamma-ray analysis (PGA)) for geological and cosmochemical solid samples. We studied how each analytical method was for the determination of trace amounts of halogens in rock samples. Radiochemical NAA (RNAA) showed the highest ...

A novel low-cost bromine-fixed additive is proposed to relieve self-discharge in zinc bromine batteries. solid complexed polybromide can be formed during charging, which effectively limit the diffusion anodic side.

This paper reviews the current knowledge of gas phase bromine photochemistry and presents a budget study of atmospheric bromine species. The effectiveness of the ozone catalytic loss cycles involving bromine is quantified by considering their chain length and effectiveness. The chain effectiveness i a new variable defined as the chain length multiplied by the rate of the cycle's rate-limiting s...

A new phase of solid bromine was discovered at a pressure region above 80 GPa by Raman scattering experiments with a diamond anvil cell. This phase was found to be the same as the iodine phase V with an incommensurate structure (Takemura 2003) which appears between the molecular phase I and the monatomic phase II. In the incommensurate phases of bromine and iodine, Raman active soft modes were ...