In this paper, methods for reconciling pronunciation differences between a rule-based front-end and the pronunciations observed in a database of recorded speech are presented. The methods are applied to the IBM Expressive Speech Synthesis System [1] for both unrestricted and limited-domain text-to-speech synthesis. One method is based on constructing a multiple pronunciation lattice for the giv...

Enthusiasm for the anticipated social dividends of the Internet appears boundless. Indeed, the Internet is expected to do no less than virtually transform society. Yet even as the Internet races ambitiously toward critical mass, some social scientists are beginning to examine carefully the policy implications of current demographic patterns of Internet access and usage. Key demographic variable...

1. Current Views of Global Carrying Capacity 2. The Global Social, Economic, and Cultural Situation 2.1. Economic Differences 2.2. Cultural Differences 2.3. A Comparison of Production and Consumption between Developed and Developing Countries 3. Carrying Capacity of Natural Resources 4. The Environment, Environmental Problems, and Environmental Protection 5. Population, Resources, and Environme...

In the largest and most detailed survey on the ethics of scientific coauthorship to date, members of the American Physical Society (APS) were asked to judge the number of appropriate coauthors on their last published papers in three different ways [1]. The papers reported on by the respondents were papers in which the respondents’ authorship was more involved than chance would dictate. From thi...

This paper compares the rates of use of phonological variation across speech and, through variant spellings, Twitter data. Speech data came from New York sports personality Mike Francesa and one of his fans parodying him. The fan's tweets, which include a large number of variant spellings, were also analyzed. Two patterns emerged. For the most salient variables, th-stopping and r deletion, the ...

This paper attempts to quantify differences in speaking rates in first and second languages, in the context of the growth of English as a lingua franca, where more L2 speakers than ever before are using English to perform tasks in their working environments. One such task is the oral presentation. The subjects in this study were fourteen fluent English second language speakers who held the same...

Towards developing a theory of systematic biases about strategies, I analyze strategic implications of a particular bias: wishful thinking about the strategies. Considering canonical state spaces for strategic uncertainty, I identify a player as a wishful thinker at a state if she hopes to enjoy the highest payoff that is consistent with her information about the others’ strategies at that stat...

The study presented here relies on the integrated use of different kinds of knowledge in order to improve first-guess accuracy in non-word context-sensitive correction for general unrestricted texts. State of the art spelling correction systems, e.g. ispell, apart from detecting spelling errors, also assist the user by offering a set of candidate corrections that are close to the misspelled wor...

Over two thirds of misspelled queries are caused by transformation errors (insertion, deletion, replacement, and inversion; Li, Duan, & Zhai, 2012; Pollock & Zamora, 1984). Spelling-correction approaches must address these common transformation errors but many cannot without training data. For example, the USHMM has a document collection comprising 13 languages. The collection is too large for ...

We describe a new GATE-based linguistic annotation pipeline for Early Modern German, which can be used to annotate historical texts with word tokens, sentence boundaries, lemmas, and POS tags. The pipeline is based on a customisation of the freely available ANNIE system for English (Cunningham et al., 2002), in combination with a version of the TreeTagger (Schmid, 1994) trained on gold standard...