Background: Birth weight has been identified as a birth-related factor associated with the risk of breast cancer. However, the evidence is inconsistent. Methods: To investigate the association between birth weight and breast cancer, we conducted a metaanalysis of published studies between 1996 and 2008. Eighteen studies encompassing 16,424 breast cancer cases were included in the meta-analysis....

Background: The heterogeneous breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related mortality. Obesity defined by BMI is known as a major risk factor for breast cancer. Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the role of obesity related-polymorphisms rs9939609 FTO and rs17782313 MC4R in breast cancer development. Materials and Methods: We obtained matched peripheral blood, serum ...

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of ginger extract (GE) combined with citric acid on the tenderness of duck breast muscles. Total six marinades were prepared with the combination of citric acid (0 and 0.3 M citric acid) and GE (0, 15, and 30%). Each marinade was sprayed on the surface of duck breasts (15 mL/100 g), and the samples were marinated for 72 h at 4℃. The pH and p...

This paper presents the results of a study on the content of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in livers and breast muscles of mallards obtained in Warmia and Mazury in 1999-2000. Samples from 32 mallards hunted in Łężany, Zembrze, Szestno and Nidzica, as well as samples from 7 pheasants and 6 mallards from the area of Śląsk were analyzed. Concentration of all the four metals was higher in the liver than in br...

The role of satellite cells and DNA unit size in determining muscle size was examined by inhibiting postnatal skeletal muscle development by using hindlimb suspension. Satellite cell mitotic activity and DNA unit size were determined in the soleus muscles from hindlimb-suspended and age-matched weight-bearing rats before the initiation of hindlimb suspension, at the conclusion of a 28-day hindl...

Contact behaviours such as touch, have been shown to be influential channels of nonverbal communication between mothers and infants. While existing research has examined the communicative roles of maternal or infant touch in isolation, mutual touch, whereby touching behaviours occur simultaneously between mothers and their infants, has yet to be examined. The present study was designed to inves...

BACKGROUND This study aims to examine whether specific maternal breast variations (such as flat nipple, inverted nipple, large breast or/and large nipple) are barriers for weight gain in breastfed infants during the first seven days of life. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, 100 healthy term neonates were followed from birth to day seven in two groups; Group A: fifty neonates born to ...

Long existing hip arthritis is accompanied by the development ofpain and contractures that cause contractile muscle spasm, reductionin length of adductor muscles flexors thigh,relative overstretching abductor muscles, which over timeleads to changes in their structure. The result weakness thepelvic clinical manifestation a violationof postural balance — lameness, torso tilts while walking, chan...

1. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated at 100 g into either an ad lib.-fed control group or a food-restricted group. The restricted group was fed for 9 d at 25% of ad lib. intake. Controls were killed at a body-weight of 100 g and 29 d of age. 2. The effects of food restriction on muscle weight, fibre number, fibre diameter, DNA, and protein were examined in three skeletal muscles, the sole...