Hierarchy plays a crucial role in the development of the granular computing(GrC). Presently, a lot of hierarchies have been studied for characterizing the finer or coarser relationships among information granulations, which are derived from the crisp binary relations. To further improve the existing results, not only the fuzzy information granulations derived from the fuzzy binary relations are...

Characterizing forces on deformable objects intruding into sand and soil requires understanding the solidand fluid-like responses of such substrates and their e ect on the state of the object. The most detailed studies of intrusion in dry granular media have revealed that interactions of fixed-shape objects during free impact (for example, cannonballs) and forced slow penetration can be describ...

Granular pipe flows are characterized by intermittent behavior and large, potentially destructive solid fraction variations in the transport direction. By means of particle-based numerical simulations of gravity-driven flows in vertical pipes, we show that it is possible to obtain steady material transport by adding a helical texture to the inner-wall of the pipe. The helical texture leads to a...

Granular cell tumor is a soft tissue neoplasm that originates in the nervous system and arises at virtually any body site, but is mainly found in the skin, oral cavity or digestive tract. Most are benign and reportedly malignant cases are rare, occurring in only 1% or 2% of cases. We report on our findings in six patients who developed granular cell tumor in the mammary gland, esophagus, subcut...

Abstract The present study proposes an MPM (material point method)–FEM (finite element method) hybrid analysis method for simulating granular mass–water interaction problems, in which the mass causes dynamic motion of surrounding water. While is applied to solid (soil) phase whose suitably represented by Lagrangian description, FEM fluid (water) that adapted Eulerian description. Also, phase-fi...

BACKGROUND The preoperative prediction of therapeutic breast reduction weights, to achieve both relief of breast weight symptoms and yet achieve excellent breast shape, remains a challenge. OBJECTIVES To design a simple clinical method to preoperatively predict and quantify therapeutic breast reduction weights. METHODS In 31 women who underwent therapeutic bilateral reduction mammaplasty, t...

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) of the breast is rare and there is scant information about the clinical behavior and treatment strategies. We report an adolescent female patient with metastatic RMS of the breast from the anus. An 18-year-old female patient was referred to our clinic due to palpable mass in the left breast. At age seven, she was diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and treated wit...

OBJECTIVES We propose an automatic breast mass detection algorithm in three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound (US) images using the Hough transform technique. METHODS One hundred twenty-five cropped images containing 68 benign and 60 malignant masses are acquired with clinical diagnosis by an experienced radiologist. The 3D US images are masked, subsampled, contrast-adjusted, and median-filtered as...

introduction: of the factors leading to false negative results in mammography is breast tissue density, and by increasing the density of breast tissue in mammography, the mammography sensitivity decreases. on the other hand, increasing the breast tissue density leads to increased risk of breast cancer. various factors such as inheritance, genetics, hormonal and reproductive factors, and nutriti...