Chile is the second-largest producer of Atlantic salmon in world, and Chilean production accounts for 27% world’s production. One important step productive cycle freshwater smoltification process that prepares fish marine life stage. This review describes biological basis salmon, with particular attention on branchial osmoregulatory adaptations. We also discuss some infectious diseases proble...

Short term effects of insulin on total brain and branchial Na+K+ ATPase, Ca2+ ATPase and Na+, K+ and Ca2+ ions were investigated in A. testudineus. The increase in brain Ca2+ ATPase after alloxan treatment may account for an increased amount of intracellular calcium required for biochemical events taking place inside the cells. Branchial Na+K+ATPase was significantly stimulated while Ca2+ ATPas...