Brainstem trauma occurs frequently in severe head injury, often resulting in fatal lesions due to importance of brainstem in crucial neural functions. Structurally, the brainstem is composed of bundles of axonal fibers distinctly oriented in a longitudinal direction surrounded by an extracellular matrix. We hypothesize that the oriented structure and architecture of the brainstem dictates this ...

RATIONALE In vivo inhibition of the sodium/proton exchanger 3 (NHE3) in chemosensitive neurons of the ventrolateral brainstem augments central respiratory drive in anesthetized rabbits. OBJECTIVES To further explore the possible role of this exchanger for the control of breathing, we examined the individual relationship between brainstem NHE3 abundance and ventilation in rabbits during wakefu...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Hyperekplexia and the stiff-man syndrome (SMS) are both conditions with exaggerated startle suggesting abnormal brainstem function. Investigation of brainstem reflexes may provide insight into disturbed reflex excitation and inhibition underlying these movement disorders. PATIENTS AND METHODS Using four-channel EMG, we examined four trigeminal brainstem reflexes (mon...

Although the function of the cerebellum in neurocognition has been well-documented, the similar role of the brainstem has yet to be fully elucidated. This clinical research study aimed to combine data relating to neuropsychological assessments and P300 to explore cognitive dysfunction and affective impairment following brainstem stroke. Thirty-four patients with isolated brainstem stroke and tw...

The early occurrence of brainstem-related symptoms, e.g. gait and balance impairment, apathy and depression in Alzheimer's disease patients suggests brainstem involvement in the initial pathogenesis. To address the question whether tau filament forming mice expressing mutated human tau mirror histopathological changes observed in Alzheimer brainstem, the degree and distribution of neurofibrilla...

healthy newborns due to its lower false-positive and referral rates, high specificity, and also its’ ability to diagnose auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder combination with Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions test. On the other hand, the test time can be a disadvantage. With technological advancements, a new generation Automated Auditory Brainstem Response has been developed which is fast...