BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Reduction of cerebral blood flow results in several acute metabolic disturbances, including a reduction in Na,K-ATPase activity. The relation between this reduction and the onset of edema is unknown, as is the effect of restoration of blood flow. Therefore, we investigated the role of decreased Na,K-ATPase activity in the pathogenesis and time course of ischemic brain ede...

Target Audience Scientists using MRI of fixed tissue. Purpose: MRI of fixed tissue is an excellent way to study pathological changes caused by different diseases with great anatomical detail. It is, however, known that properties of tissue change with fixation. The aim of this study was to investigate post mortem formalin-fixed brains quantitatively in order to provide a baseline for MR paramet...

BACKGROUND A reliable measurement of brain water content (wet-to-dry ratio) is an important prerequisite for conducting research on mechanisms of brain edema formation. The conventionally used oven-drying method suffers from several limitations, especially in small samples. A technically demanding and time-consuming alternative is freeze-drying. NEW METHOD Centrifugal vacuum concentrators (e....

OBJECTIVES Glucocorticoids (dexamethasone) are thought to reduce peritumoural brain oedema by decreasing the permeability of neoplastic capillaries and/or enhancing the clearance of extracellular water. Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI) was used to measure the water diffusion parameters of oedematous and normal brain in a group of patients with intracranial tumours before and...

Previous studies have demonstrated that hyponatremia induced by continuous sc infusion of desmopressin (dDAVP) in combination with a liquid diet allows brain volume adaptation with negligible morbidity and mortality in rats. In contrast, some studies of hyponatremia induced by injections of long-acting preparations of arginine vasopressin (AVP) have reported mortality rates as high as 20 to 80%...

abstract saturated water content is one of the important parameters which its measurement is necessary in estimation of soil water retention and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity curves. in several researches, saturated water content is assumed to be equal to soil total porosity. in some others, its value is estimated by pedotransfer functions using readily available parameters, such as bulk d...

soil water content is one of the most important parameters for estimating irrigation frequency and providing the plant’s water requirement. since measurement of soil water content is both expensive and time consuming, water movement models are used to estimate these values. in this study, leachw model was used to estimate soil water content for two “dry” (20-29 aug) and “wet” (1-6 jul) periods ...

salinity is one of the major environmental stresses that limit plant growth and productivity. glasswort (salicornia herbacea l.) is one of the native halophytic plants of iran that widely spread in salt areas. the purpose of this study was to determine the physiological and growth responses of s. herbacea to salinity stress. plastic pods (15 cm diameter, 20 cm height) with the silica sand bed w...

Osmotherapy is the cornerstone of medical management for cerebral edema associated with large ischemic strokes. We determined the effect of duration of graded increases in serum osmolality with mannitol and hypertonic saline (HS) on blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and regional cerebral edema in a well-characterized rat model of large ischemic stroke. Halothane-anesthetized adult male Wista...