BACKGROUND Blepharospasm is a focal cranial dystonia, which could be idiopathic in origin or secondary to an underlying disorder that commonly impairs quality of life. Botulinum toxin (BoNT) injections have become the treatment of choice; however, a less favorable response to BoNT is expected in secondary blepharospasm. No studies have been conducted comparing outcomes between blepharospasm coh...

AIM To identify the severity of Frey s syndrome and its response to botulinum toxin type A. METHODS Minor test was performed in all cases to assess the extent of the affected area, using the contralateral side as control. Severity was assessed according to the proposal of Luna-Ortiz et al. Response was evaluated after 3 and 6 months, and was compared with the basal data. RESULTS Frey s synd...

TO THE EDITOR—In 2 articles written by California Department of Public Health (CDPH) researchers and published in The Journal of Infectious Diseases regarding a new strain of botulism [1, 2], a decision was made by the CDPH to withhold data that would allow for the reproduction of the strain before an antitoxin can be developed. Although the CDPH indicated to the media that this decision was ma...

BACKGROUND Many patients who undergo CO2 laser resurfacing for correction of rhytides experience recurrence of movement-associated wrinkles within 6 to 12 months following the laser procedure. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of botulinum toxin type A (Botox) injections on movement-associated rhytides following cutaneous laser resurfacing. METHODS Forty patient...

FRESH-CUT PRODUCE by ROBIN GWEN SALINSKY BROEKER (Under the Direction of Mark Harrison) ABSTRACT Foodborne botulism is a potentially lethal neuroparalytic illness resulting from ingesting C. botulinum neurotoxins. There is little information concerning the stability of preformed toxin on fresh produce. This research determined the stability of toxin type A on whole grape tomatoes, pre-cut lettu...

In this case series study, we assessed the effects of recession-resection surgery augmented with botulinum toxin A chemodenervation for patients with chronic paralytic horizontal strabismus. In addition, we compared these effects with those of full tendon transposition (FTT) augmented with posterior intermuscular suture (PIMS). Ten patients who underwent strabismus surgery due to paralytic hori...

Botulinum toxin injections are the treatment of choice for the management of essential blepharospasm in adults. No cases of congenital blepharospasm have been described in the literature so far, and no cases of botulinum toxin injection in an infant have been reported. A 4-week-old girl was referred to our department with absent eye opening and spasmodically closed eyes. Pregnancy and delivery ...

Objective To evaluate the long-term effect of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) in the treatment of HFS. Methods A retrospective analysis of patients treated at the Movement Disorders Outpatient Clinic in the Neurology Service, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, from 2009 to 2013 was carried out. A total of 550 BTX-A injections were administered to 100 HFS patients. ...

Botulinum toxin (BTX) is a powerful neurotoxin which blocks cholinergic transmission at the neuromuscular junction. Judiciously applied, it can reduce local muscle overactivity while maintaining the strength in other muscles. To date BTX has not been licensed for use in spasticity in the UK and the literature pertaining to clinical practice is still relatively scant. However, controlled trials ...

Incrimination of vacuum-packaged smoked fish in outbreaks of botulism has raised questions about the safety of this process in comparison with other methods of packaging foods. It has been suggested, for example, that Clostridium botulinum may grow better in a vacuum-packaged product than in one that is packaged without vacuum. To evaluate this possibility, sliced bologna was inoculated with sp...