The volatile organic compounds present in 18 Zimbabwean naturally fermented milk (amasi) samples and those produced by various yeasts, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeast/ LAB combinations were determined using headspace gas chromatography. The yeast strains used were: Candida kefyr 23, C. lipolytica 57, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 71, C. lusitaniae 68, C. tropicalis 78, C. lusitaniae 63, C. coll...

The intentional adulteration of pet food with melamine and derivatives, including cyanuric acid, has been implicated in the kidney failure and death of a large number of cats and dogs in the United States. Although individually these compounds present low toxicity, coexposure can lead to the formation of melamine cyanurate crystals in the nephrons and eventual kidney failure. To determine the d...

Objective: We aimed to determine the scolicidal effect of hypochlorous acid and its efficiency at different concentrations. Materials Methods: tested effectiveness in-vitro on sterile gauze concentrations in test tubes. In addition, we compared with activity other agents, povidone-iodine 10% chlorhexidine-gluconate 0.04%. Results: Hypochlorous was 100% effective 5 minutes 1/1 (200 ppm/mL), 1/10...

many factors can affect wheat gluten properties and functionality. one of the most important, factors is the wheat bug damages. insect injects a salivery proteinase into wheat kernel that causes weakening of gluten, substansial losses in physical quality, dough properties and baking performance. bread baked with the insect-damaged flour has a much lower volume, poor crumb sensory quality (textu...

Borage meal exerted a concentration-dependent antioxidant activity in a meat model system. At 2% (w/w), it inhibited (p 0.05) 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), hexanal and total volatile formation in meat by 26.5, 30.5 and 18.6%, respectively. Antioxidant compounds in the meal were concentrated at optimum extraction conditions (in 52% ethanol at 74 C for 62 min) predicted by re...

INTRODUCTION ω-3 is an essential fatty acid (FA) that cannot be synthesized in the body and is obtained by diet. In the human body, essential FA serve multiple functions including neuroprotective functions, mood, behavior and prevents inflammation (1). ω-3 can down regulate inflammation in the presence of aspirin, affecting cellular signaling, and act on DNA by activating or inhibiting transcri...

Disinfection is a critical part of the response to transboundary animal disease virus (TADV) outbreaks by inactivating viruses on fomites to help control infection. To model the inactivation of TADV on fomites, we tested selected chemicals to inactivate Foot and Mouth Disease virus (FMDV), African Swine Fever virus (ASFV), and Classical Swine Fever virus (CSFV) dried on steel and plastic surfac...

From the ethanolic extract of the seeds of Cassia spectablis two flavone glycosides C2iH2o08 (1) m.p. 185 °C (d) and C ^ H ^ O N (2) m .p . 280 °C (d) have been isolated. Homogeneity and purity of these compounds were established by chromatography. C 2 I H 2 0 O 8 (1) was found to be a glycoside. On acid hydrolysis it gave arabinose and an aglycone C I 6 H 1 2 0 4 , m.p. 245 ° C which showed co...

To examine the tumor modification activity of kojic acid (KA) by sodium ascorbic acid (AA), 5-week-old male ICR mice were administered intraperitoneally with N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN) as an initiation treatment. Two weeks after the initiation treatment, animals were fed basal diet containing 0 (Group 1: DEN alone) or 3% KA (Group 3: DEN+KA), drinking water containing 5,000 ppm AA (Group 2: DEN...