‎Let $mathcal{A}_p$ be the mod $p$ Steenrod algebra‎, ‎where $p$ is an odd prime‎, ‎and let $mathcal{A}$ be the‎ subalgebra $mathcal{A}$ of $mathcal{A}_p$ generated by the Steenrod $p$th powers‎. ‎We generalize the $X$-basis in $mathcal{A}$ to $mathcal{A}_p$‎.

BGP allows routers to use general preference policies for route selection. This paper studies the impact of these policies on convergence time. We first describe a real-time model of BGP. We then state and prove a general theorem providing an upper bound on convergence time. Finally, we show how to the use the theorem to prove convergence and estimate convergence time in three case studies.

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This document describes a mechanism for BGP that would help minimize the negative effects on routing caused by BGP restart. An End-of-RIB marker is specified and can be used to convey routing convergence information. A new BGP capability, termed "Graceful Restart Capability", is defined that would allow a BGP speaker to express its ability to preserve forwarding state during BGP restart. Finall...

Though there have been extensive studies on AS and ISP level topologies, BGP path stability and overall path variations and churn, there is comparatively little data on the behavior of overall reachability in the Internet. We can explain reachability as a measure of path robustness over time, and thus as a significant measure of the general quality of the infrastructure. Our results show that B...

Stationary-to-migratory transitions of epithelial cells have a key role in development and tumour progression. Border cell migration is a powerful system in which to investigate this transition in living organisms. Here, we identify the Ste20-like kinase misshapen (msn) as a novel regulator of border-cell migration in Drosophila. Expression of msn in border cells is independent of the transcrip...