The enol tautomers of the aromatic oc-keto acids combine instantaneously and reversibly with borate to form complexes of a mixed ester-anhydride structure, thereby displacing the apparent keto-enol equilibrium in favor of the enol tautomer. The enol tautomer and its borate complex have strong absorption in the 300 ml* region (1). This strong absorption is the basis of the spectrophotometric met...

This paper presents an investigation on the tribological properties of zinc borate ultrafine powder (ZBUP) employed as a lubricant additive in sunflower oil. The stable dispersions of 0.5 wt%, 1 wt% and 2 wt% ZBUP in sunflower oil were achieved by using an ultrasonic homogenizer. Both a 4-ball tester and a pin-on-disc tester were employed to evaluate the antiwear and friction reduction capabili...

Boron is a widely occurring element in minerals found in the earth’s crust. It is the 51 most common element found in the earth’s crust and is found at an average concentration of 8 mg/kg (approximately 0.0008%). It is found in the environment primarily combined with oxygen in compounds called borates. Common borate compounds include boric acid, salts of boric acid (e.g., sodium tetraborates, w...

Boron is an essential element for plants but is toxic in excess. Therefore, plants must adapt to both limiting and excess boron conditions for normal growth. Boron transport in plants is primarily based on three transport mechanisms across the plasma membrane: passive diffusion of boric acid, facilitated diffusion of boric acid via channels, and export of borate anion via transporters. Under bo...

Zinc borates can be used as multi-functional synergistic additives with flame retardant additives in polymers. Zinc borate is white, non-hygroscopic and powder type product. The most important properties are low solubility in water and high dehydration temperature. Zinc borates dehydrate above 290°C and anhydrous zinc borate has thermal resistance about 400°C. Zinc borates can be synthesized us...

Conditions of Electrophoresis.-The apparatus used was similar to that described by Franglen (1953). It consisted of a flat shallow " perspex " box in which a sheet of Whatman No. 1 paper was stretched horizontally with the ends dipping into the electrode solutions. The paper was first wetted with electrolyte, blotted, and placed in position in the apparatus. Serum (10lI.) was then applied from ...

Standard acetonitrile/tetraalkylammonium-tetrafluoroborate-based electrochemical capacitor electrolytes were modified with both fluorinated additives (including analogs of ethylmethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate, lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate, tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite) spiro(1,1?)-bipyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate salt, to improve stability at higher voltages (>2.7 V). Compoun...

Zinc borate (ZB) is a flame retardant and smoke supressant compound of boron. It widely used to achieve resistant polymer composites. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) one the commercially important polymers mostly for cable insulating, pen door, pipes, floorings, toys etc.. On other hand, PVC relases toxic gases during fire as decomposition products. doping thought be solution this problem. However, le...