Atlantoaxial facet joints have been proposed as the center of mobility and also center for instability of the atlantoaxial region. Because of the high mobility of the atlantoaxial (C1-C2) motion segment, fusion rates at this level have been substantially lower than those at the subaxial spine. The success of craniovertebral junction surgery depends on adequate reduction, decompression of cranio...

BACKGROUND Spinal brucellosis is a less commonly reported infectious spinal pathology. There are few reports regarding the surgical treatment of spinal brucellosis in existing literature. This retrospective study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of single-stage transforaminal decompression, debridement, interbody fusion, and posterior instrumentation for lumbosacral spinal brucellos...

the fusion of medical images is very useful for clinical application. generally, the pet image indicates the function of tissue and the mri image shows the anatomy of tissue. in this article we fused mri and pet images and the purpose is adding structural information from mri to pet image. the images decomposed with curvelet transform, and then two images fused with applying fusion rules. we us...

Background: Occipital cervical fixation (OCF) is an important and difficult technic and has certain risks due to its relation with adjacent special anatomic features. One of specific areas to perform screw fixation and to prevent technical failures is the thickness of the occipital bone which require detailed morphological anatomical knowledge. To our knowledge, no published study has provided ...

OBJECTIVE Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein–2 (rhBMP-2) is used in spinal arthrodesis procedures to enhance bony fusion. Research has suggested that it the most cost-effective fusion enhancer, but there are significant upfront costs for healthcare system. The primary objective of this study was determine whether intraoperative dosing and corresponding changed with surgeon cost awaren...

  Background : Glenoid bone damages consisting of anterior rim erosion and bony avulsion are very important in decision making for treatment of recurrent dislocation in shoulder joint. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of these damages in patients with anterior recurrent shoulder dislocation.   Methods : The study was a cross-sectional study evaluating patients with unstable shou...