We study how convergence of an observer whose state lives in a copy of the given system’s space can be established using a Riemannian metric. We show that the existence of an observer guaranteeing the property that a Riemannian distance between system and observer solutions is nonincreasing implies that the Lie derivative of the Riemannian metric along the system vector field is conditionally n...

Shiao, Bode, Beyer, and Selvig argue that the theory of race as a social construct should be revisited in light of recent genetic research, which they interpret as demonstrating that human biological variation is patterned in “clinal classes” that are homologous to races. In this reply, I examine both their claims and the genetics literature they cite, concluding that not only does constructivi...

Abstract Introduction: Among the systemic implications of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) there are changes in diaphragm and impact on health status. However, few studies possible relationship between these variables, whether status could predict diaphragmatic muscle thickness (DMT). Objective: To investigate is a DMT prognostic mortality index Body Mass-Index, Airway Obstruction, ...

For a SISO, strictly proper, nonminimum-phase,

We study how convergence of an observer whose state lives in a copy of the given system’s space can be established using a Riemannian metric. We show that the existence of an observer guaranteeing the property that a Riemannian distance between system and observer solutions is nonincreasing implies that the Lie derivative of the Riemannian metric along the system vector field is conditionally n...

Sound classifiers embedded in digital hearing aids are usually designed by using sound databases that do not include the distortions associated to the feedback that often occurs when these devices have to work at high gain and low gain margin to oscillation. The consequence is that the classifier learns inappropriate sound patterns. In this paper we explore the feasibility of using different so...

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released from nearly all mammalian cells and different EV populations have been described. Microvesicles represent large EVs (LEVs) released from the cellular surface, while exosomes are small EVs (SEVs) released from an intracellular compartment. As it is likely that different stimuli promote the release of distinct EV populations, we analyzed EVs from human ly...

We investigate the linear amplitude of mass fluctuations in the universe, σ8, and the present mass density parameter of the Universe, Ωm, from the statistical strong gravitational lensing. We use the two populations of lens halos model with fixed cooling mass scale Mc = 3× 10 hM⊙ to match the observed lensing probabilities, and leave σ8 or Ωm as a free parameter to be constrained by data. Anoth...

Time and frequency domain convergence properties of causal and Current Iteration Tracking Error (CITE) discrete time Iterative Learning Control (ILC) algorithms are discussed. Considering necessary and sufficient convergence conditions basic matrix properties can be utilized to show that causal as well as CITE ILC algorithms converge to zero error in only very restrictive special cases. The fre...

For a molecule moving near a single metal surface at equilibrium, following von Oppen and coworkers [N. Bode, S. V. Kusminskiy, R. Egger, and F. von Oppen, Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 3, 144 (2012)] and using a nonequilibrium Green’s-function (NEGF) approach, we derive a very general form of electronic friction that includes non-Condon effects. We then demonstrate that the resulting NEGF friction...