The ion-sensitiveelectrodes used to measure Na, K, and Clin biological fluids have output voltages that are logarithmically related to ionic activity. This measured voltage also is linearly related to ionic concentration for the Na and Clelectrodes. Furthermore, the K electrode, which must be corrected for its Na sensitivity in whole blood or plasma, exhibits a linear characteristic between mea...

Background Maintenance of the tonicity of extracellular fluids is crucial for proper cell function. In children and adults, normal blood tonicity is maintained by a coordinated interaction among the thirst, vasopressin, and renal systems. Dysfunction in any of these systems can result in abnormal regulation of blood osmolality, which if not properly recognized and treated, may cause life-threat...

While hyperpnea and reduction of the CO2 content of the blood are generally recognized findings of salicylate intoxication, little is known concerning the effect of therapeutic doses of salicylates. The prevailing impression (1) appears to be that such doses have no effect on the respiration. Investigations dealing with this question in experiments of a few hours duration showed small decreases...

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is an important electrolyte abnormality that can occur following allogeneic stem cell transplantation. We herein report the case of a 20-year-old man who developed SIADH three weeks after undergoing cord blood transplantation. Tacrolimus administration was suspected to be a cause of the disorder. In addition to restricting water i...

We reported a composite electrolyte prepared by incorporating layered α-titanium phosphate (α-TiP) into an iodide-based electrolyte using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate(EmimBF4) ionic liquid as solvent. The obtained composite electrolyte exhibited excellent electrochemical and photovoltaic properties compared to pure ionic liquid electrolyte. Both the diffusion coefficient of tri...

Spurious electrolyte disorders refer to an artifactually elevated or decreased serum electrolyte values that do not correspond to their actual systemic levels. When a clinician is confronted with a case of electrolyte disturbance, the first question should be whether it is an artifact. Spurious electrolyte disorders (pseudohyponatremia, pseudohypernatremia, pseudohypokalemia, pseudohyperkalemia...

BACKGROUND Nowadays Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is performed in prone and supine positions. Physiologic solutions should be used to irrigate during PCNL. Irrigation can cause hemodynamic, electrolyte and acid-base changes during PCNL. OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to compare the electrolyte, hemodynamic and metabolic changes of prone and complete supine PCNL. PATIENTS AND METHO...

abstract the grasses cold tolerance is the most important limiting factor for its cultivation in temperate regions, so using cold tolerant cultivars is essential for grasses successful cultivation. in order to evaluation freezing stress tolerance of several species of grasses, this study was conducted in agricultural faculty of ferdowsi university of mashhad as a factorial complete randomized b...

1. Studies to explain a significant socioeconomic and rural-urban blood pressure gradient found in central Mississippi are reported. 2. 24 h sodium excretion alone fails to explain the differences found, and fails to correlate with blood pressure. 3. A single 24 h determination of electrolyte excretion correlates modestly with the mean of 6 days' collection. Three days' collection and blood pre...