Exposure to blast overpressure has become one of the hazards of both military and civilian life in many parts of the world due to war and terrorist activity. Auditory damage is one of the primary sequela of blast trauma, affecting immediate situational awareness and causing permanent hearing loss. Protecting against blast exposure is limited by the inability to anticipate the timing of these ex...

With the rapid increase in the number of blast induced traumatic brain injuries and associated neuropsychological consequences in veterans returning from the operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, the need to better understand the neuropathological sequelae following exposure to an open field blast exposure is still critical. Although a large body of experimental studies have attempted to address ...

Wheat blast is a serious disease caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (Triticum pathotype) (MoT). The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the 2NS translocation from Aegilops ventricosa (Zhuk.) Chennav on wheat head and leaf blast resistance. Disease phenotyping experiments were conducted in growth chamber, greenhouse, and field environments. Among 418 cultivars of wheat (T...

When spleen cells of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-treated mice were cultured in the presence of interleukin 3 (IL-3), most colonies revealed IL-3 concentration-dependent colony formation except for mast cell colonies and blast cell colonies. While most colonies were smaller in lower concentrations of IL-3, the size of the blast cell colonies were similar between high and low IL-3 groups. These data su...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been diagnosed in nearly 300,000 members of the US armed forces since 2000 [1]. Common symptoms of these injuries include concussion, loss of spatial navigation, behavior/mood changes and memory loss [2‐3]. Blast‐related TBI poses a significant problem for military personnel both in combat and in training. Primary blast loading, the blast loading caused by the i...

Human exposure to blast waves without any fragment impacts can still result in primary blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI). To investigate the mechanical response of human brain to primary blast waves and to identify the injury mechanisms of bTBI, a three-dimensional finite element head model consisting of the scalp, skull, cerebrospinal fluid, nasal cavity, and brain was developed from...

BACKGROUND The widespread use of explosives by modern insurgents and terrorists has increased the potential frequency of blast exposure in soldiers and civilians. This growing threat highlights the importance of understanding and evaluating blast injury risk and the increase of injury risk from exposure to repeated blast effects. METHODS Data from more than 3,250 large animal experiments were...

Tasks The blastn and blastp applications have a –task option. This option sets the parameters (e.g., word-size or gap values) to typical values for a specific type of search. For example, the “megablast” task is optimized for intraspecies comparison as it uses a large word-size, whereas “blastn” is better suited for interspecies comparisons with a shorter word-size. These tasks resemble the “Pr...

Building facades in commercial and residential buildings in Australia, UK and elsewhere are highly vulnerable to terrorist threats involving explosive blast loading. The modelling of consequences to built infrastructure when subject to blast loading is well developed; however, considerable uncertainty remains with respect to system response and explosive loading parameters. In this paper, struc...

BLAST is an open-source static verification tool used in checking safety properties of C programs. Given a C program with several assertions, which should not fail at runtime, BLAST statically analyzes the program, and either returns a program execution path that leads to violation of one of the assertions, or proves that no assertion is violated. If BLAST fails to prove inreachability of asser...