In the present study, we aimed to evaluate effects of bladder filling on dose-volume distributions for bladder, rectum, planning target volume (PTV), and prostate in radiation therapy of prostate cancer. Patients (n = 21) were scanned with a full bladder, and after 1 hour, having been allowed to void, with an empty bladder. Radiotherapy plans were generated using a four-field box technique and ...

Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with a high rate of recurrence and poor outcomes as a result of relapse. Bladder cancer patients require lifelong invasive monitoring and treatment, making bladder cancer one of the most expensive malignancies. Lines of evidence increasingly point to distinct genetic and epigenetic alteration patterns in bladder cancer, even between th...

A 35-year-old male presented with multiple interrupted episodes of frank hematuria and persistent microscopic hematuria. CT urogram demonstrated a nonspecific lesion in the bladder. Cystoscopy showed bladder wall that was biopsied, histopathology confirmed xanthoma, rare diagnosis This case report performs review current literature examines necessary investigations,differential diagnoses, manag...

A panel of experts in urology, urogynecology, nursing, and behavioral therapy convened in 2010 to discuss the importance of a healthy bladder on overall health. They determined that a consensus statement was necessary to raise awareness among the general public, healthcare providers, payors, and policymakers, with the goals of minimizing the impact of poor bladder health and stimulating primary...

PURPOSE Modifiable risk factors for bladder cancer have been identified, ie tobacco and chemical exposure. We identified high risk bladder cancer areas and risk factors associated with bladder cancer clusters in Florida using individual and area based data. MATERIALS AND METHODS Spatial modeling was applied to 23,266 early and advanced bladder cancer cases diagnosed between 1998 and 2002 in F...

Picrotoxin, an antagonist for γ-aminobutyric acid receptor subtype A (GABAA), was used to investigate the role of GABAA receptors in nociceptive and nonnociceptive reflex bladder activities and pudendal inhibition of these activities in cats under α-chloralose anesthesia. Acetic acid (AA; 0.25%) was used to irritate the bladder and induce nociceptive bladder overactivity, while saline was used ...

Bladder smooth muscle shows spontaneous phasic contractions, which undergo a variety of abnormal changes depending on pathological conditions. How abnormal contractions affect the activity of bladder afferent nerves remains to be fully tested. In this study, we examined the relationship between transient increases in bladder pressure, representing transient contraction of bladder smooth muscle,...

to evaluate overactive bladder (oab) with detrusor overactivity (doa) following oxybutynin or tolterodine treatment in recommended doses at a four-week course. a total of 100 iranian women 45 years or older with urgency that also showed idiopathic detrusor overactivity (ido) in the filling phase of their cystometry were included in the current study. in this double-blinded trial two parallel gr...

background: bladder cancer (bc) is the most commonly diagnosed genitourinary cancer in iran, presented in both men and women. bc is a multifactorial trait resulting from the complex interaction between several genes and environmental factors. long stress-induced non-coding transcript 5 (lsinct5), a member of the long non-coding rnas, is abundantly expressed in high proliferative cells, as well ...

AIMS To determine if detrusor glycogen content in a bladder after removal of a urethral obstruction reflects the situation of bladder dysfunction as it existed during the period of obstruction. METHODS The glycogen content of the detrusor was scored using a Periodic Acid Schiff's (PAS) staining. It was related to the functional history of the bladder. Bladder tissue was obtained from a guinea...