Paving block merupakan salah satu bahan bangunan yang digunakan sebagai lapisan atas srtuktur jalan selain aspal dan beton. Sekarang ini banyak memilih paving untuk di area taman, pejalan kaki/ setapak, halaman rumah, lahan parkir lain sebagainya. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui nilai kuat tekan daya serap air setelah menambahkan penulangan menggunakan kawat harmonika sebanyak 0, 1, 2, 3 lapis....

Tropical ideals are a class of in the tropical polynomial semiring that combinatorially abstracts possible collections supports all polynomials an ideal over field. We study zero-dimensional I with Boolean coefficients which underlying matroids paving matroids, or equivalently, minimal support have size $$\deg (I)$$ (I)+1$$ —we call them ideals. show degree $$d+1$$ bijection $${\mathbb {Z}}^n$$...

The course of turned bituminous pavement layers into hot mix asphalt (HMA) has been increasing day by all over the world. Bituminous surface treatment that contains consirable amount aggregate and bitumen, is an important source recycling offers a great materials intead virgin material usage on consruction. In study, it was aimed to investigate usability layer in base HMA roads mixing with foam...

Matroids were introduced by Whitney in 1935 to try to capture abstractly the essence of dependence. Matroids generalize linear dependence over vector spaces, and they also abstract the properties of graphs, in the former case they are called Vector Matroids, in the latter they are called Graphic Matroids [3]. The operation of Matroid Union was introduced by Nash-Williams in 1966. A matroid is i...

We consider the number of queries needed to solve the matroid intersection problem, a question raised by Welsh (1976). Given two matroids of rank r on n elements, it is known that O(nr) independence queries suffice. However, no non-trivial lower bounds are known for this problem. We make the first progress on this question. We describe a family of instances of rank r = n/2 based on a pointer ch...

A method based on isotope dilution cold-vapor inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID-CV-ICPMS) has been developed for high-accuracy determinations of mercury in bituminous and sub-bituminous coals. A closed-system digestion process employing a Carius tube is used to completely oxidize the coal matrix and chemically equilibrate the mercury in the sample with a 201Hg isotopic spike. The...

Inverse gas chromatography (IGC) was used to characterize two bituminous binders (A and B) of different origin. Glass transition temperatures (Tg) were determined by constructing van’t Hoff plots using n-pentane probes in a temperature range between -50 °C and +120 °C. Tg values were specified using the first deviations from linearity observed in the adsorption zone of the plots. A 6 °C differe...