About 20-30 years ago the central pillar of psychiatry was schizophrenia. Today ́s interest has turned to a new paradigm bipolar disorder. Knowledge, skills and experiences in treatment of bipolar affective disorder are being enriched with new insights concerning molecular basis of disorder and psychosocial factors importance in its genesis and development, fostering presonalized psyhopharmacoth...

background: it is believed that environmental and genetic factors may be responsible for autism. methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (mthfr) and its gene polymorphisms have been shown to be implicated as risk factors in autism. objectives: to analyze mthfr c677t polymorphism (rs1801133) in autistic patients. materials and methods: this study was carried out in 2014 and 2015 in northern iran. on...

background: classroom behaviors are disturbed in autistic students because of their repetitive, restlessness, and disruptive behaviors. this study aimed to examine the impacts of sitting on a ball, cushion, and/or common chair on classroom behavior of four students with autism spectrum disorder (asd). methods : four children with autism participated in this single-subject study. students’ behav...

Many patients within the Bipolar spectrum, especially when recurrence is high and the inter-episodic period is not free of affective manifestations, may meet criteria for personality disorders. This is particularly true for cyclothymic patients, who are often misclassified as borderline personality disorder because of their extreme mood instability and reactivity. In patients with cyclothymic t...

BACKGROUND Schizotypy is a range of perceptual experiences and personality features related to risk and familial predisposition to psychosis. Despite evidence that schizotypy is related to psychosis vulnerability, very little is known about the expression of schizotypal traits in individuals with a psychotic disorder, and their relationship to clinical symptoms, cognition, and psychosocial func...

background : the existing evidence about the clinical situations of the bipolar patients with opioid dependence is scarce. the present study was carried out to compare the clinical features and course of the bipolar disorder type i regarding the two subgroups of opioid dependent and non-dependent. methods : there were 178 adult patients with bipolar disorder type i consecutively referred to the...

Brain asymmetry, involving structural and functional differences between the two hemispheres, is a major organizational principle of human brain. The connectivity within each hemisphere defines hemispheric network or connectome. Elucidating left-right provides opportunities for brain asymmetry exploration. This review examines in white matter to assess health disorders. In this article, includi...

background: alcohol is a potent teratogen and alcohol use in pregnancy and the periconception period can cause many complications in mother, fetus and neonate.  discussion: alcohol in the mother's blood passes through the placenta to the baby through the umbilical cord. drinking alcohol during pregnancy can cause miscarriage, stillbirth, and a range of lifelong disorders. alcohol-related birth ...