AIMS Immunohistochemistry is a routine practice in clinical cancer diagnostics and also an established technology for tissue-based research regarding biomarker discovery efforts. Tedious manual assessment of immunohistochemically stained tissue needs to be fully automated to take full advantage of the potential for high throughput analyses enabled by tissue microarrays and digital pathology. Su...

BACKGROUND Effective immunizations require a thorough, multi-step process, yet few studies comprehensively addressed issues around vaccination management. OBJECTIVES To assess variations in vaccination management and vaccination errors in primary care. METHODS A cross sectional, web-based questionnaire survey was performed among 1157 primary physicians from North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany: ...

In order to accurately measure the gene expression levels in microarray experiments, it is crucial to design unique, highly specific and highly sensitive oligonucleotide probes for the identification of biological agents such as genes in a sample. Unique probes are difficult to obtain for closely related genes such as the known strains of HIV genes. The non-unique probe selection problem is to ...

Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene is frequently used as a major metabolite and biological indicator of the overall exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In this study, solid phase extraction was appropriately conditioned with regard to sample pH, sample concentration, loading flow rate, elution solvent, washing solvent, sample volume and sorbent mass. Octadecyl silica cartridge (C<su...

There are several practical and intertangled issues which make the experiments of nuclear resonant vibrational spectroscopy (NRVS) on biological samples difficult to perform. The sample temperature is one of the most important issues. In NRVS the real sample temperatures can be very different from the readings on the temperature sensors. In this study the following have been performed: (i) citi...

Variation of bio molecules (amino acids) between biological sample (Oryza sativa powder, Phyllanthus emblica powder and Citrus limonium powder) and pharmaceutical sample (Retinol, Cyanocobalamin and Ascorbic acid) has been studied using FTIR spectroscopy. Spectroscopic analyses of biological and pharmaceutical samples are discussed. It has been found that the variation of bio molecules with the...

the purpose of research was analyzing educational needs of corn farmer's regarding biological control bracon parasitoid of corn caradrina in dezful township, khouzestan province, iran. the method of research was correlative descriptive. a random sample of dezful township corn farmers of khouzestan province, iran (n=350) were selected for participation in the study. a questionnaire was developed...