The diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (L.) is the major pest of brassicas in the oceanic Pacific, where it is often associated with the cabbage cluster caterpillar Crocidolomia pavonana (F.) and, less frequently, with the cabbage webworms Hellula undalis (F.) and H. rogatalis Hulst. Cotesia plutellae Kurdjumov (and, at most, no more than one other major parasitoid in any one country) is pres...

In a recent article in TREE [1], Pearson and Callaway consider how indirect effects can lead to even host-specific biological control agents impacting on nontarget species. Although the authors raise some interesting points, we feel that the indirect effects that they explore might not be as generally applicable to biological control as they contend. The first indirect effect considered is ‘eco...

The main purpose of this research is to determine the effective factors in adopting biological control in the Farmer Field School approach. The method used in this research is descriptive-correlation and comparative, which has been done by survey. The rice farmers of the township of Babol, Mazandaran, Iran were selected as the sample population of this research. The statistical sample of the re...