damping-off is an important disease of safflower in iran, that caused by pythium ultimum. because of its importance, fungi isolates were sampled from infected plants grown in research farm of the college of agriculture, gorgan university of agricultural sciences and natural resources, in 2006. also it has been proved that the disease caused by pythium ultimum. evaluation of seventeen safflower ...

It is well described that viral infections stimulate the emission of plant volatiles able to recruit vectors thereby promoting virus spread. In contrast, much less known on effects emitted may have metabolism healthy neighboring plants, which are potential targets for new through vector transmission. Watermelon mosaic (WMV) (genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) an aphid-transmitted endemic in c...

Zymoseptoria tritici is the causal fungus of Septoria blotch (STB), a globally important foliar disease wheat. Infections by more than one strain pathogen, or co-infections, are known to be most prevalent form infection in field. The impact that co-infection Z. has on severity for plant host and its effect defence not fully understood. Here, isolates were extracted from STB-presenting leaves UK...

The cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) 2b protein not only inhibits anti-viral RNA silencing but also quenches transcriptional responses of plant genes to jasmonic acid, a key signalling molecule in defence against insects. This suggested that it might affect interactions between infected plants and aphids, insects that transmit CMV. We found that infection of tobacco with a 2b gene deletion mutant (C...

Induced resistance has been recognized as an attractive tool for plant disease management in modern agriculture. During the last two decades, studies on chemically- and biologically elicited induced resistance have revealed previously unknown features of the plant defense response including defense priming. As a biological trigger for induced resistance, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PG...

Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) induce systemic resistance (SR) in plants, decreasing the development of phytopathogens. The FZB42 strain Bacillus velezensis is known to an SR against pathogens various plant species. Previous studies suggested that it could also influence interactions between plants and associated pests. However, insects have developed several strategies counteract ...

rhizomania is one of the most important sugar beet diseases in iran and some other parts of the world. in this study, the infection rate of the most important weeds of sugar beet fields under natural condition  to the causal agent of the bnyvv (beet necrotic yellow vein virus) disease  was investigated at fars agricultural research center , iran. roots were collected from the infected weeds and...

Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonotic disease, which can induce hepatic lesions. Photosensitization (PS)maybe is the result of accumulation of photodynamic agents in unpigmented area of the skin exposed tosunlight which occurred due to hepatic lesions. An outbreak of leptospirosis was occurred in a dairy cattleherd complex with 760 dairy milking cows in March (1990). Totally, 412 cows (54.21%) ...