Microbial decomposition of organic matter (OM) in river corridors is a major driver nutrient and energy cycles natural ecosystems. Recent advances omics technologies enabled high-throughput generation molecular data that could be used to inform biogeochemical models. With ultrahigh-resolution OM becoming more readily available, particular, the substrate-explicit thermodynamic modeling (SXTM) ha...

a major hurdle in pharmaceutical formulation is water insolubility of most of drugs affecting their stability and bioavailability. if the drug is also insoluble in organic medium, it is difficult to deliver it in a sufficiently bioavailable form and hence it is a great challenge to formulation researchers to overcome such difficulty. although some approaches are available for enhancing the diss...

This article provides a perspective on the current status of drug therapy for invasive fungal diseases, together with priorities for the future development of novel compounds. Key opportunities for new drugs include production of orally bioavailable agents for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis, invasive candidiasis, cryptococcal meningitis and mucosal and urinary Candida infections. Orall...

Zinc nutriture of women living in a periurban Egyptian village was examined over the last 6 mo of pregnancy and the first 6 mo of lactation as one of several potential determinants of pregnancy outcome and infant development. Estimated bioavailable zinc intake was approximately 2 mg/d from diets high in phytate and fiber. Among numerous variables analyzed by multiple regression, early pregnancy...

The importance of algal and detrital food supplies to the planktonic food web of a highly disturbed, estuarine ecosystem was evaluated in response to declining zooplankton and fish populations. We assessed organic matter bioavailability among a diversity of habitats and hydrologic inputs over 2 years in San Francisco Estuary's Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. Results show that bioavailable d...

Whether the radial thickness (RT) of the chloragogenous tissue and intestinal epithelium of earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) reflects the bioavailability of metals in soils was investigated in two areas, one with active volcanism (Furnas) and another with no volcanic activity since 3 million years ago (Santa Maria), in the Azores. Metal contents in soil samples and earthworms from the two area...

BACKGROUND Bioavailable testosterone (BT) concentration is considered the best marker for evaluating testicular function in men. The decrease of BT in older men is more pronounced than the decrease in total testosterone because of the parallel increase in sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations. Measurement of BT is therefore crucial for the diagnosis of hypoandrogenism in the aging ...

Lithium is the most effective mood stabilizer for the treatment of bipolar disorder, but it is toxic at only twice the therapeutic dosage and has many undesirable side effects. It is likely that a small molecule could be found with lithium-like efficacy but without toxicity through target-based drug discovery; however, therapeutic target of lithium remains equivocal. Inositol monophosphatase is...

To assess bioavailability levels and indentify important speciation for trace metals (Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb), the rivers affected by a waste water treatment plant (WWTP) was studied. Biologically available concentrations were measured by the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) method, and DGT results were compared with those predicted by WHAM 7.0. At most sites downstream of the WWTP, bioavail...

Filamentous, nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria form extensive summer blooms in the Baltic Sea. Their ability to fix dissolved N2 allows cyanobacteria to circumvent the general summer nitrogen limitation, while also generating a supply of novel bioavailable nitrogen for the food web. However, the fate of the nitrogen fixed by cyanobacteria remains unresolved, as does its importance for secondary pro...