The image above shows immunofluorescence staining of a cross-section of small intestine from a mouse with a 'mosaic' pattern of expression of cell-surface MHC (major histocompatibility complex) class I molecules. The mosaic effect can be seen on the intestinal villi, which contain stretches of epithelial cells that express MHC class I (bright green) interrupted by equally long stretches of cell...

Reaction systems are a formal model that has been introduced to investigate the interactive behaviors of biochemical reactions. Based on the formal framework of reaction systems, we propose new computing models called reaction automata that feature (string) language acceptors with multiset manipulation as a computing mechanism, and show that reaction automata are computationally Turing universa...

Both the automated generation of reaction networks and the automated prediction of synthetic trees require, in one way or another, the definition of possible transformations a molecule can undergo. One way of doing this is by using reaction templates. In view of the expanding amount of known reactions, it has become more and more difficult to envision all possible transformations that could occ...

The preprints of the Institute for Condensed Matter Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine are distributed to scientific and informational institutions. They also are available by computer network from Institute's WWW server Нацiональна академiя наук України

In this paper we are concerned with the reliability, i.e., probability of success, of reactive system components (behaviors) in autonomous systems such as mobile robots. A method is presented for designing reliable behaviors by a suitable integration of a set of less reliable ones, which can be based on diierent and complementary algorithms , sensors etc. The presented approach is based on the ...

Armature Reaction: The effect of magnetic field set up by armature current on the distribution of flux under main poles of a generator. The armature magnetic field has two effects: (i) It demagnetises or weakens the main flux and (ii) It cross-magnetises or distorts it. Fig 1 shows the flux distribution of a bipolar generator when there is no current in the armature conductors. The brushes are ...