Cryptorchidism, the failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum prenatally, occurs in 2.4%-5% of newborns. Many of these testes will descend spontaneously shortly after birth, but ~23% will remain undescended unless surgery is performed. Bilaterally cryptorchid men have a six times greater risk of being infertile when compared with unilaterally cryptorchid men and the general male...

Cryptorchidism is the most common cause of non-obstructive azoospermia in man. In contrast to the general belief that temperature-dependent effects on the undescended gonad damage cryptorchid testes before sexual maturation is complete, molecular pathology strongly supports the theory that impaired mini-puberty is responsible for azoospermia and infertility in cryptorchidism. Molecular biologic...

The incidence of cryptorchidism in infants is 3.3-5.8%, incidence in adults is not known. Cryptorchidism in adults is not uncommon in India for various reasons. Orchiectomy is the best option as malignant transformation of the undescended testis is a very real risk. Our patient was 52 years old with an empty left hemiscrotum and a large lower abdominal swelling. Laparoscopy-assisted resection w...

Toppari and co-authors recently published a review on ‘‘the environmental connection’’ of cryptorchidism and hypospadias, including the potential adverse effect of alcohol (Toppari et al., 2010). Based on an article by Damgaard et al., 2007, they conclude that: ‘‘mothers’ alcohol consumption caused a dose-dependent increase in the risk of cryptorchidism’’ (Damgaard et al., 2007). We are not con...

Transplacental transmission of rubella virus leads to Congenital Rubella Syndrome. It is comprised of congenital cardiac defects (most commonly patent ductus arteriosus), cataracts and sensorineural hearing loss. While prematurity and intra uterine growth retardation are frequent accompaniments of congenital rubella syndrome, at times birth weight can be normal. The possibility of fetal anomali...

49,XXXXY pentasomy or Fraccaro's syndrome is the most severe variant of Klinefelter's syndrome (KS) affecting about 1/85000 male births. The classical presentation is the triad: mental retardation, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and radio ulnar synostosis. Indeed, the reproductive function of Fraccaro's syndrome is distinguished from KS. Besides, Leydig cell tumors are described in cases of KS,...

PURPOSE Cryptorchidism is one of the most common pediatric disorders of the male endocrine glands and the most common genital disorder identified at birth. This guideline is intended to provide physicians and non-physician providers (primary care and specialists) with a consensus of principles and treatment plans for the management of cryptorchidism (typically isolated non-syndromic). MATERIA...

Cryptorchidism has been on the rise for several decades and can be observed with frequency of 1-2% of males within the first year of age. It may appear as an isolated disorder or can be a consequence of genetic and endocrine abnormalities connected with somatic anomalies. Its genetic background still seems to be unclear although a range of genes can be responsible for the development of this sy...

OBJECTIVE To analyse the incidence of epididymal anomalies and the structure of the processus vaginalis (PV) in patients with cryptorchidism treated or not with human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), and to compare these findings with human fetuses with testes in the scrotum. PATIENTS, MATERIALS AND METHODS We assessed 24 fetuses with a gestational age of 23-35 weeks, and 114 cryptorchid patien...