Black ginseng (BG) has been widely used as herbal treatment for improving physiological function. In order to investigate the neuroprotective action of this herbal medicine, we examined the influence of BG on the learning and memory of rats using the Morris water maze, and we studied the effects of BG on the central cholinergic system and neural nitric oxide synthesis in the hippocampus of rats...

OBJECTIVE We have examined whether rapid changes in blood glucose (BG) result in clinically relevant differences between capillary BG values measured at the forearm and the fingertip and whether local rubbing of the skin before blood sampling can diminish such differences. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Capillary BG samples were collected every 15 min for 3-5 h from the fingertip and the forearm...

BACKGROUND Despite increased awareness of the value of treating inpatient hyperglycemia, little is known about glucose control in U.S. hospitals. METHODS The Remote Automated Laboratory System-Plus (RALS-Plus Medical Automation Systems, Charlottesville, VA) was used to extract inpatient point-of-care bedside glucose (POC-BG) tests from 126 hospitals for the period January to December 2007. Pa...

In various types of cells mechanical stimulation of the plasma membrane activates phospholipase C (PLC). However, the regulation of ion channels via mechanosensitive degradation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)) is not known yet. The mouse B cells express large conductance background K(+) channels (LK(bg)) that are inhibited by PIP(2). In inside-out patch clamp studies, the appl...

OBJECTIVE While hyperglycemia in the postoperative setting has been linked to an increase in surgical complications, limited data are available to inform the management of patients with diabetes in the operating room and the immediate peri-operative period. We describe the results of a peri-operative glycemic control program that standardized intravenous insulin with a target glucose (BG) range...

In the present study, we directly demonstrated electrical coupling between Bergmann glial cells (BG) and Purkinje neurones (PN) in acutely isolated cerebellar slices, prepared from 15 to 30 days old Sprague-Dawley rats. Electrical coupling between these two cells was identified by dual whole-cell voltage clamp, which allowed direct recording of junctional current. Whole-cell recordings from PN-...

Dopamine (DA) depletion in the basal ganglia (BG) of Parkinson's patients gives rise to both frontal-like and implicit learning impairments. Dopaminergic medication alleviates some cognitive deficits but impairs those that depend on intact areas of the BG, apparently due to DA ''overdose.'' These findings are difficult to accommodate with verbal theories of BG/DA function, owing to complexity o...

OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether glucose readings from a sensor sampling in interstitial fluid differ substantially from blood glucose (BG) values measured at the same time. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We have evaluated the relationship between BG and glucose extracted from interstitial fluid using the GlucoWatch (Cygnus, Redwood City, CA) biographer, a device that collects glucose f...

Black garlic (BG) is a processed garlic product prepared by heat treatment of whole garlic bulbs (Allium sativum L.) at high temperature under high humidity for several days, resulting in black cloves with a sweet taste. BG has recently been introduced to the Korean market as a product beneficial to health. To clarify how BG changes during the 35 day aging period, the physicochemical characteri...

Infants with an ileostomy can be at high risk of hypoglycemia because of inadequate nutritional intake; however, there are no reports investigating blood glucose (BG) in infants with ileostomy. We experienced a case of an extremely low birth weight infant who was born at 24 wk of gestation and weighted 623 g. He received an ileostomy because of an intestinal perforation. After the ileostomy, he...