Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising tool for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Previous studies suggested that coculture human MSCs with AD in an vitro model reduced expression amyloid-beta 42 (A?42) medium well overexpression amyloid-beta- (A?-) degrading enzymes such neprilysin (NEP). We focused on role primed (human Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal (WJ-MSCs)...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common progressive neurodegenerative diseases that represents about 60-80 % total cases dementia all over world. Beta secretase (BACE1) a membrane-anchored aspartic protease which cleaves peptide bond between Met671-Asp672 APP (amyloid precursor protein) where its activity rate limiting step producing amyloid β, primary neuropathological hallmark Alzh...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative characterized by loss of memory and cognition. In this review article, three main pathogenesis AD were described: Amyloid-beta hypothesis, Tau protein hyperphosphorylation Neurotransmitter decrease hypothesis. Specifically, amyloid-beta accumulation can be detrimental for nervous system while cause the breakdown nerve cells. With regar...

BACKGROUND Recently, biomarkers have been suggested to be incorporated into diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Regarding disease-specific brain amyloid-beta deposition these comprise low amyloid-beta 1-42 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and positive positron emission tomography (PET) amyloid imaging, while neuronal degeneration is evidenced by high total and phosphorylated tau level...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by extracellular beta-amyloid plaques and intracellular tau tangles. AD-related pathology is often accompanied by vascular changes. The predominant vascular lesions in AD are cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and arteriosclerosis. Platelets circulate along the vessel wall responding immediately to vascular injury. The aim of the present study was to exp...

Islet transplantation is a promising treatment for diabetes but long-term success is limited by progressive graft loss. Aggregates of the beta cell peptide islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) promote beta cell apoptosis and rapid amyloid formation occurs in transplanted islets. Porcine islets are an attractive alternative islet source as they demonstrate long-term graft survival. We compared the c...

Two forms of abnormal fibrillary protein deposition are considered: amyloidosis and fibrillary (immunotactoid) glomerulonephritis. Amyloid is characterised by an antiparallel, beta-pleated configuration which imparts to it a unique apple-green birefringence after Congo red staining. Inspite of its fairly constant physical properties, the chemical composition of amyloid fibrils is amazingly dive...

Amyloid deposits within the islet of the pancreas have been known for a century. In 1987, the islet amyloid precursor polypeptide (IAPP) amylin (a 37 amino acid) was discovered. Recently there has been an explosion of amylin's importance in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This review is intended to share what is understood about amylin derived amyloid and the role it plays i...

Biochemical and morphological alterations of mitochondria may play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Particularly, mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of amyloid-beta-induced neuronal toxicity in Alzheimer's disease. The recent emphasis on the intracellular biology of amyloid-beta and its precursor protein (APP) has led researchers to consider the possibilit...